BNS to IPC Comparison & All About Offences

COMPARISON SUMMARY BNS to IPC

BNS Sections/ Subsecti ons	Subject	Summary	IPC Sections	Summary of comparison
1(1)	Short title, commencement and application.	This Act is called the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.	1	This subject is covered by six subsections of Section 1 of BNS, corresponding to five separate sections of IPC, sans separate headings thereof. In IPC, the extent of code operation is also given, which is absent in BNS.
1(2)	Commencement.	The Central Government will notify the commencement date of this Sanhita in the Official Gazette, and different provisions may come into force on different dates.	New	By subsection 1(2) of the BNS, the power to appoint the date of commencement is delegated to the Central Government, which was absent in the IPC.
1(3)	Punishment of offences committed within India.	Everyone is liable to punishment under this Sanhita, and only under it, for any act or omission contrary to its provisions committed within India.	2	No change except "Code" is replaced with "Sanhita". Wherever the word “Code” is used in IPC, the word “Sanhita” is used in BNS; therefore, this fact will not be specifically mentioned in this table hereinafter.
1(4)	Punishment of offences committed beyond, which by law may be tried within, India.	Persons liable under Indian law for offences committed outside India shall be dealt with under this Sanhita as if the act had been committed within India.	3	Section is included as a subsection in BNS sans heading. “Indian laws” is replaced with “law" and “for the time being in force in India" is inserted.
1(5)	Short title, commencement and application- Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences.	This Sanhita applies to offences committed outside India by: (a) Indian citizens anywhere; (b) anyone on Indian-registered ships or aircraft; and (c) anyone abroad targeting a computer resource in India. “Offence” includes acts outside India punishable if done within India.	4	Section is included as a subsection in BNS sans heading. In the illustration, "Uganda" has been replaced with "any place outside India."
1(6)	Short title, commencement and application-“Certain laws not to be affected by this Act”.	This Sanhita does not affect laws punishing mutiny or desertion in the Indian armed forces, nor any special or local laws.	5	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS sans heading.
2	Definitions.	This section provides the definitions of terms used in the Sanhita, unless the context indicates otherwise.		In the IPC, definitions are not consolidated in a single section; instead, they are given in independent sections from Section 8 to Section 52A in Chapter II, “General Explanations”. These have been conveniently organised and consolidated in a single section, i.e., Section-2, in alphabetical order as sub sections with Arabic numerals to facilitate easier reference.
2(1)	“act”.	“Act” includes both a single act and a series of acts.	33	In the IPC, Section 33 addressed both "Act" and "Omission" collectively. However, in the BNS, "act" and "omission" are separately defined in sub-sections 2(1) and 2(25) respectively.
2(2)	"animal".	“Animal” means any living creature other than a human being.	47	No change.
2(3)	"child".	“Child” means any person under eighteen years of age.	New	Definition of 'child' in section 2(3) of BNS (child- any person below the age of eighteen years.) This is a new addition.
2(4)	"Counterfeit".	“Counterfeit” refers to causing one thing to resemble another with the intent to deceive or knowing deception is likely. Exact imitation is not required, and if the resemblance could deceive, intent or knowledge of likely deception is presumed unless disproved.	28	No change.
2(5)	"Court".	“Court” means a single Judge or a body of Judges legally empowered to act judicially, when performing judicial functions.	20	Section 2(5) of BNS excludes the illustration and uses the word "Court" in place of the words "Court of Justice".
2(6)	"Death".	“Death” means the death of a human being, unless the context indicates otherwise.	46	No change.
2(7)	"Dishonestly".	“Dishonestly” means acting with the intent to cause wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another.	24	Words “whoever does” and “is said to do that thing dishonestly” are excluded.
2(8)	"Document".	“Document” means any matter expressed or described using letters, figures, or marks, including electronic or digital records, intended or usable as evidence. Examples include contracts, cheques, powers of attorney, maps, plans, and instructional writings, regardless of the medium or whether it is intended for court use.	29 and 29A	Words “and includes electronic and digital record” are added. BNS Section 2(8) incorporates both the sections 29 and 29A of IPC and adds digital records.
2(9)	Fraudulently.	“Fraudulently” means acting with the intention to defraud and not otherwise.	25	Phraseology changed but essence is same.
2(10)	Gender.	“Gender”: The pronoun “he” and its forms refer to any person—male, female, or transgender. “Transgender” has the meaning given in the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.	8	Word "transgender” is added apart from genders of "male" and "female".
2(11)	Good faith.	“Good faith” means doing or believing something with due care and attention; acts or beliefs without such care are not in good faith.	52	No change.
2(12)	Government.	“Government” means either the Central Government or a State Government.	17	Words “Government of a State” are replaced by “State Government”.
2(13)	Harbour.	“Harbour” includes providing a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition, transport, or any assistance to help them evade apprehension.	52A	Words "Except in section 157 and in section 130, in the case in which the harbour is given by the wife or husband of the person harboured, the word” have been excluded.
2(14)	Injury.	“Injury” means any harm, illegally caused, to a person’s body, mind, reputation, or property.	44	Word “denotes” is replaced with “means”.
2(15)	Illegal and legally bound to do.	“Illegal” refers to anything prohibited by law, constituting an offence, or giving rise to a civil action; a person is “legally bound to do” whatever it would be illegal for them to omit.	43	No change.
2(16)	Judge.	“Judge” means a person officially designated as a Judge, including anyone empowered by law to deliver a definitive civil or criminal judgment, either individually or as part of a legally empowered judicial body.	19	Simplified the definition of Judge, paragraphs are given numbers (i) and (ii). Out of four illustrations, only (b) is kept, while (a), (c), and (d) are excluded.
2(17)	Life.	“Life” means the life of a human being, unless the context indicates otherwise.	45	Word “denotes” is replaced with “means”.
2(18)	Local law.	“Local law” means a law that applies only to a specific part of India.	42	No change.
2(19)	Man.	“Man” means a male human being of any age.	10	The word “denotes” is replaced with “means” Unlike in IPC Section 10, “man” and "woman" are bifurcated into two subsections, 2(19) and 2(35) in BNS.
2(20)	Month and year.	“Month” and “year” are to be reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar.	49	“British calendar” is replaced by “Gregorian calendar”.
2(21)	Movable property.	“Movable property” includes all types of property except land and things attached to the earth or permanently fixed to anything attached to the earth.	22	By removing word “corporeal” the scope is expanded.
2(22)	Number.	“Number” means that singular terms include the plural, and plural terms include the singular, unless the context indicates otherwise.	9	No change.
2(23)	Oath.	“Oath” includes a solemn affirmation legally substituted for an oath, and any declaration required or authorized by law before a public servant, whether for use in a Court or otherwise.	51	'Court of Justice' is changed to 'Court'.
2(24)	Offence.	“Offence” generally means an act made punishable by this Sanhita. However, in certain sections (Chapter III and specified sections), it includes acts punishable under any special or local law. In some other specified sections, it refers to acts punishable under a special or local law with imprisonment of six months or more, with or without fine.	40	Word “denotes” is replaced by “means”.
2(25)	Omission.	“Omission” means a single failure to act, and also includes a series of such failures treated as one omission.	33	Words “Act” and “Omission” are bifurcated into two subsections 2(1) and 2(25) respectively.
2(26)	Person.	“Person” refers to any individual, company, association, or body of persons, whether legally incorporated or not.	11	No change.
2(27)	Public.	“Public” means any individual, class, or community of people.	12	No change.
2(28)	Public servant.	“Public servant” includes anyone holding an office or performing duties for the government or public authority, such as commissioned officers, judges, court officers, arbitrators, revenue officers, electoral officers, and government or local authority employees, whether appointed or not. It also covers anyone acting in the position of a public servant, regardless of legal defects in their appointment. “Election” refers to selecting members of any legislative, municipal, or public authority under the law.	21	“Military, Naval” are replaced by “Army, and Navy” respectively. “Juryman” is excluded.
2(29)	Reason to believe.	“Reason to believe” means a person has sufficient cause or grounds to believe something, but not otherwise.	26	No change.
2(30)	Special law.	“Special law” means any law that applies to a particular subject or matter.	41	The word ‘is' is replaced by 'means'.
2(31)	Valuable security.	“Valuable security” means a document that creates, transfers, restricts, releases, or acknowledges any legal right or liability.	30	Word “denotes” replaced by “means”.
2(32)	Vessel.	“Vessel” means any craft or structure designed to carry people or property over water.	48	Word “denotes” replaced by “means”.
2(33)	Voluntarily.	“Voluntarily” means that a person causes an effect intentionally, or by using means which he knew or had reason to believe were likely to produce that effect.	39	No change.
2(34)	Will.	“Will” means any document made to express a person’s testamentary intentions regarding the disposition of their property after death.	31	"A will" is replaced by "Will".
2(35)	Woman.	“Woman” means a female human being of any age.	10	The corresponding section of the IPC contains definitions of man and woman both whereas the BNS deals with them in separate provisions 2(19) and 2(35), respectively.
2(36)	Wrongful gain.	“Wrongful gain” means obtaining property by unlawful means to which the person gaining it is not legally entitled.	23 Clause-1	Word "is" is replaced by "means".
2(37)	Wrongful loss.	“Wrongful loss” means the loss of property by unlawful means to which the person losing it is legally entitled.	23 Clause-2	Ditto.
2(38)	Gaining wrongfully, losing wrongfully.	“Gaining wrongfully” means wrongfully acquiring or retaining property. “Losing wrongfully” means being wrongfully kept out of, or deprived of, property.	23 Clause-3	No change.
2(39)	Words and expressions used but not defined.	Any word or expression not defined in this Sanhita, but defined in the Information Technology Act, 2000 or the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, shall carry the meaning assigned in those laws.	29A	The scope of Section 29A IPC is broadened. For words and expressions used in BNS but not defined in BNS but defined in IT Act, 2000 and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), they shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act and Sanhita.
3(1)	General explanations.	General explanations: All offences, penal provisions, and illustrations in this Sanhita are to be interpreted in light of the General Exceptions chapter, even if those exceptions are not explicitly mentioned in the relevant section.	6	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
3(2)	General explanations- Sense of expression once explained.	All expressions defined or explained in any part of this Sanhita are to be consistently understood and applied throughout the entire Sanhita in accordance with their given explanations.	7	Ditto.
3(3)	General explanations- Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant.	Property held by a person’s spouse, clerk, or servant on their behalf is considered to be in that person’s possession under this Sanhita. Even those employed temporarily or for a specific occasion as a clerk or servant are included within this definition.	27	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. “Wife” is replaced by “Spouse”.
3(4)	General explanations-"Words referring to acts include illegal omissions".	Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, in this Sanhita, any reference to acts done also includes illegal omissions.	32	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
3(5)	General explanations- Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention.	When several persons commit a criminal act together, each one is equally liable as if they had committed the act individually, if it was done in furtherance of their common intention.	34	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other change.
3(6)	General explanations- When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention.	When a criminal act requires a guilty knowledge or intention, each person who participates in it with that knowledge or intention is equally liable, just as if they had committed the act alone with that intent.	35	Ditto.
3(7)	General explanations- Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission.	If an offence involves causing a certain effect, doing part of it by an act and part by an omission is treated as the same offence.	36	Ditto.
3(8)	General explanations- Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence.	If an offence is committed through multiple acts, anyone who intentionally helps by doing even one of those acts, alone or with others, is guilty of the offence.	37	Ditto.
3(9)	General explanations- Persons concerned in Criminal act may be guilty of different offences.	If multiple people are involved in a criminal act, each of them can be guilty of different offences arising from the same act.	38	Ditto.
4	Punishments.	It lists the types of punishments under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. They include death, life imprisonment, rigorous or simple imprisonment, forfeiture of property, fine, and community service.	53	‘Community service' is added to punishments. The definition of community service is not given in BNS, but the explanation in Section 23 of the BNSS defines it as the "work which the court may order a convert to perform as a form of punishment that benefits the community, for which he shall not be entitled to any remuneration".
5	Commutation of sentence.	The appropriate Government can, on its own, reduce or change any punishment under this Sanhita to another form of punishment, as per section 474 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.	54 & 55	In this section, a cross reference to BNSS has been made, whereas IPC does not refer to CrPC in this context.
Explanati on to section 5	Commutation of sentence.	Explanation: Here, “appropriate Government” means— (a) Central Government—for death sentences or offences concerning matters under the Union’s executive power; and (b) State Government—for offences (including death sentences) concerning matters under the State’s executive power where the offender is sentenced.	55A	The heading is dropped as the IPC section is given as an explanation in BNS. The expression “for the purposes of this” is added.
6	Fractions of terms of punishment.	For calculating fractional punishments, life imprisonment is treated as 20 years unless stated otherwise. This standardizes the computation of sentence reductions or remissions involving life terms.	57	Words “unless otherwise provided” are added
7	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.	When imprisonment may be of either type, the Court can decide whether it will be rigorous, simple, or partly both. This allows flexibility in determining the nature of imprisonment based on the offence and circumstances.	60	No change.
8(1)	Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.	If a specific maximum fine is not mentioned, the fine an offender may be liable to pay is unlimited, but it must not be excessive.	63	IPC section is included as subsection in BNS with addition of words ‘liability in default of payment of fine, etc.’ in heading.
8(2)	Sentence of imprisonment for non- payment of fine.	When an offender is sentenced to pay a fine, whether alongside imprisonment or alone, the Court may order that if the fine is not paid, the offender shall undergo imprisonment for a specified term. This imprisonment can exceed any other imprisonment the offender is serving or may be liable to under sentence commutation.	64	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
8(3)	Limit to imprisonment for non- payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable.	If the offence is punishable with both imprisonment and fine, the term of imprisonment ordered for non-payment of the fine cannot exceed one-fourth of the maximum imprisonment prescribed for that offence.	65	Ditto.
8(4)	Description of imprisonment for non- payment of fine.	If a court orders imprisonment due to non-payment of a fine or failure to perform community service, the imprisonment can be of any type (simple or rigorous) that the offender could have originally received for that offence.	66	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading. “or in default of community service” is added..
8(5)	Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only.	If an offence is punishable only with a fine or community service, default imprisonment must be simple, limited to 2 months for fines ≤₹5,000, 4 months for fines ≤₹10,000, and 1 year otherwise.	67	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS, sans heading. Words “or in default of community service” are added. Imprisonment and fine are increased.
8(6)	Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine.	Imprisonment in default of fine ends when the fine is fully paid or levied, or proportionally if part of the fine is paid such that the term served matches the unpaid amount.	68 & 69	Heading is dropped as two sections of IPC are merged in this one sub-section of BNS.
8(7)	Fine leviable within six years, or during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability.	Any unpaid fine can be recovered within six years of the sentence—or longer if the imprisonment term exceeds six years—and the offender’s death does not absolve liability from their estate.	70	Section is included as sub-section in BNS, sans heading.
9	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.	An offender cannot be punished multiple times for the same act if its parts or definitions overlap, unless the law expressly allows it. When an act falls under multiple offence definitions, the punishment cannot exceed the maximum prescribed for any one of those offences.	71	No change.
10	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.	If it’s uncertain which of several offences the accused committed, the Court shall impose the least severe punishment among them. This ensures fairness when guilt is established but the exact offence remains doubtful.	72	No change.
11	Solitary confinement.	The Court may order solitary confinement only for offenders sentenced to rigorous imprisonment, and only for a limited duration. It cannot exceed 1 month (if imprisonment ≤ 6 months), 2 months (if ≤ 1 year), or 3 months (if over 1 year).	73	Word “that is to say” is replaced with “namely”.
12	Limit of solitary confinement.	Solitary confinement cannot exceed 14 days at a stretch, with equal intervals of rest between periods. If imprisonment is over 3 months, solitary confinement is limited to 7 days per month, again with equal breaks between such periods.	74	No Change
13	Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.	A person previously convicted under Chapter X or XVII for an offence punishable with 3 years or more who commits a similar offence again faces enhanced punishment — either life imprisonment or up to 10 years’ imprisonment.	75	No changes were made except for the corresponding chapter numbers mentioned in heading are dropped in BNS.
14	Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.	An act is not an offence if done by someone who is legally bound to do it, or who honestly believes, due to a mistake of fact (not law), that they are bound by law to do it.	76	No change.
15	Act of Judge when acting judicially.	A Judge is not guilty of any offence for acts done while performing judicial duties, if done under lawful authority or in good faith believing such authority exists.	77	No change.
16	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court.	An act done under a Court’s judgment or order is not an offence as long as the order is in force and the person acts in good faith, believing the Court had the authority to issue it, even if it lacked jurisdiction.	78	Words 'Court of Justice' is replaced by “Court”.
17	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.	An act is not an offence if done by someone legally justified to do it, or who in good faith, due to a mistake of fact (not law), believes they are justified by law in doing so.	79	No change.
18	Accident in doing a lawful act.	An act is not an offence if it occurs accidentally, without criminal intent or knowledge, while performing a lawful act lawfully and with due care and caution.	80	No change.
19	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.	An act done in good faith to prevent greater harm is not an offence, even if it’s known to cause some harm, provided there’s no criminal intent. Whether the harm avoided was serious and immediate enough to justify the act is a question of fact.	81	Word “steam” is excluded in illustration.
20	Act of a child under seven years of age.	A child below seven years cannot be held guilty of any offence, as the law presumes complete lack of criminal intent or understanding at that age.	82	No change.
21	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding.	A child aged between seven and twelve is not guilty of an offence if they lack sufficient maturity to understand the nature and consequences of their act at that time.	83	No change.
22	Act of a person of unsound mind.	An act committed by a person of unsound mind is not an offence if, at the time, they were incapable of understanding the nature, wrongfulness, or illegality of their act.	84	No change.
23	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.	An act is not an offence if done by a person involuntarily intoxicated, who at that time was unable to understand the nature, wrongfulness, or illegality of their act due to the intoxication.	85	No change.
24	Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.	If an offence requires specific intent or knowledge, an intoxicated person is presumed to have that same knowledge as if sober, unless the intoxication was without his consent or knowledge.	86	No change.
25	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.	An act is not an offence if done with the consent of a person aged 18 or above, and it is neither intended nor known to cause death or grievous hurt, even if it causes some harm.	87	No change.
26	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit.	An act done in good faith for a person’s benefit, with that person’s consent, is not an offence even if it causes or is likely to cause harm—so long as there is no intent to cause death.	88	No change.
27	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person, by or by consent of guardian.	An act done in good faith for the benefit of a child under 12 or a person of unsound mind, with the guardian’s consent, is not an offence even if it causes harm. However, this protection does not apply to acts causing or attempting to cause death or grievous hurt, except when done to prevent death or cure serious illness.	89	Words “insane person” are replaced with “person of unsound mind”.
28	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.	Consent is invalid if it is given due to fear, misconception, unsoundness of mind, intoxication, or by a child under twelve years. Any act based on such consent does not amount to lawful consent under this Sanhita.	90	No change.
29	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.	The exceptions in Sections 25, 26, and 27 do not apply to acts that are offences in themselves, regardless of any consent or harm caused to the consenting person.	91	No change.
30	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.	An act done in good faith for someone’s benefit is not an offence, even without their consent, if consent is impossible or cannot be obtained in time. However, this does not apply to acts causing or attempting to cause death or harm, except to prevent death or cure serious illness.	92	No change.
31	Communication made in good faith.	A communication made in good faith for a person’s benefit is not an offence, even if it unintentionally causes harm to that person.	93	No change.
32	Act to which a person is compelled by threats.	A person acting under threat of instant death is not guilty of an offence, except in cases of murder or offences against the State punishable with death. However, this defence applies only if the person did not voluntarily enter the situation and was truly compelled by the threat.	94	No change.
33	Act causing slight harm.	An act is not an offence if it causes only trivial or insignificant harm, so minor that a reasonable person would not consider it worth complaining about.	95	No change.
34	Things done in private defence.	Any act done in the exercise of the right of private defence is not an offence, as it is performed to protect oneself or another from harm.	96	No change.
35	Right of private defence of body and of property.	Every person has the right to defend their own or another’s body against offences affecting the human body, and to protect property (movable or immovable) against theft, robbery, mischief, or criminal trespass, or attempts thereof.	97	Paragraphs are rephrased as clauses (a), (b), (c).
36	Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc.	A person has the same right of private defence against acts of individuals who are insane, immature, intoxicated, or mistaken, as they would if those acts were actual offences.	98	In Illustrations, words “under the influence of madness” are replaced by “a person of unsound mind”.
37	Act against which there is no right to private defence Extent to which the right may be exercised.	The right of private defence does not apply against acts of public servants acting in good faith, or when there is time to seek official protection. It also cannot justify causing more harm than necessary for defence and applies only if the defender knows the person is acting under lawful authority.	99	The IPC section is reframed into two subsections, and the first paragraph is reframed as sub-section 1 with clauses (a), (b), and (c). The second paragraph is reproduced as subsection (2) sans heading.
38	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.	The right of private defence of the body includes the right to cause death if faced with assaults that may cause death, grievous hurt, rape, unnatural lust, kidnapping, wrongful confinement, or acid attacks, provided the act is necessary and reasonable under the circumstances.	100	First, secondly, thirdly, fourthly, fifthly, sixthly, seventhly are replaced with (a),(b),(c),(d),(e),(f),(g).
39	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.	This section means that if the attack does not threaten death or serious offences like rape, kidnapping, or grievous hurt, then the person exercising private defence cannot cause death of the attacker. However, they can cause any other harm (non-lethal) necessary to protect themselves, as long as it follows the reasonable limits stated in Section 37.	101	No change.
40	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body.	The right of private defence begins when there is a reasonable fear of bodily harm and continues as long as that danger exists. It doesn’t require the offence to actually occur—mere apprehension is enough.	102	No change.
41	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.	The right of private defence of property allows causing death if needed, when protecting against serious offences like robbery, night house-breaking, arson, or theft/trespass that may cause death or grievous hurt.	103	Words “by night” are replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise” and “Mischief by fire”, replaced by “Mischief by fire or any explosive substance”.
42	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.	The right of private defence of property allows causing any harm other than death when protecting against theft, mischief, or trespass that are not serious enough to justify causing death.	104	No change.
43	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property.	The right of private defence of property begins when there’s a reasonable fear of danger and continues until the threat or offence (like theft, robbery, trespass, or mischief) ends or the property is recovered or protected.	105	Words “by night” are replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise”.
44	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.	If someone faces a deadly assault and cannot defend themselves without risking harm to an innocent person, their right of private defence still allows them to take that risk.	106	No change.
45	Abetment of a thing.	A person commits abetment when they — (a) instigate someone to do an act, or (b) conspire with others to do it and an act or omission occurs in pursuance of that conspiracy, or (c) intentionally aid by act or omission in doing it. Explanation: Misleading or hiding facts to make someone do an act amounts to instigation. Helping in any way before or during the act amounts to aiding.	107	Words “Court of justice” are replaced with “Court”.
46	Abettor.	An abettor is a person who encourages, aids, or conspires to commit an offence, even if the act is not actually done. The abettor can be guilty even if the main offender is not capable or lacks criminal intent. Abetment itself is an offence — even abetting an abetment or joining a conspiracy for the act is punishable.	108	Word “lunatic” is replaced by words “a person of unsound mind”.
47	Abetment in India of offences outside India.	If a person in India abets the commission of an act outside India, and that act would be an offence if done in India, the person is guilty of abetment under Indian law.	108A	Word “Goa” is replaced by “country X” in illustration.
48	Abetment outside India for offence in India.	If a person outside India abets the commission of an act within India, which would be an offence if done in India, they are liable for abetment under Indian law.	-	“A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, without and beyond India, abets the commission of any act in India which would constitute an offence if committed in India”.
49	Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.	If an offence is committed as a result of abetment, and no specific punishment is provided for that abetment, the abettor is punished with the same punishment as the main offence.	109	No change.
50	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.	If the person abetted commits the act with a different intention than the abettor, the abettor is punished as if the act were done with his own intention or knowledge.	110	No change.
51	Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.	If a person abets one act but a different act is committed as a result, the abettor will still be held responsible for that act as if he directly abetted it — provided the act was a probable consequence of his abetment and was committed due to his instigation, aid, or conspiracy.	111	No change.
52	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.	If the act actually committed is in addition to the one abetted and forms a separate offence, the abettor will be punished for both offences — the abetted act and the additional act done.	112	Words “the last preceding section” is replaced by “section 51”.
53	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor.	If an abettor intends one result but a different consequence occurs from the act he abetted, he is still liable for that consequence if he knew it was likely to happen.	113	No change.
54	Abettor present when offence committed.	If an abettor is present at the scene when the offence is committed, he will be treated as if he himself committed the offence.	114	No change.
55	Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.	If someone abets an offence punishable with death or life imprisonment but the offence is not committed, they can face up to 7 years in jail and a fine; and if their abetment causes hurt, the punishment may extend to 14 years and a fine.	115	No change.
56	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.	If an offence punishable with imprisonment is abetted but not committed, the abettor can get up to one-fourth of the maximum punishment for that offence. If the abettor or the person abetted is a public servant responsible for preventing it, the punishment may extend to half of the maximum term.	116	The words “if offence be not committed” are excluded from the heading. The heading of paragraph 2, “If abettor or person abetted be a public servant whose duty it is to prevent offence” is excluded. The word “by” is replaced by “under”
57	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.	Anyone who abets an offence by the public or a group of more than ten people can be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and a fine.	117	Imprisonment is increased from three years to seven years.
58	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.	Anyone who knowingly hides or misrepresents plans to commit a serious offence punishable with death or life imprisonment can face up to 7 years in jail if the offence occurs, or 3 years if it doesn’t, along with a fine.	118	Words “in either case” are excluded from clause (b).
59	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.	If a public servant hides or misrepresents plans to commit an offence he is duty-bound to prevent, he faces punishment up to half or one-fourth of the main offence’s jail term, and if it involves a capital or life sentence offence, punishment may extend up to 10 years in jail.	119	No change.
60	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.	Anyone who knowingly hides or lies about a plan to commit an imprisonable offence can be punished with up to one-fourth of the main offence’s jail term if committed, and up to one-eighth if not committed, along with a fine.	120	No change.
61(1)	Criminal conspiracy definition.	Criminal conspiracy occurs when two or more persons agree to commit an illegal act or a legal act by illegal means, and for non-offence agreements, at least one party must act in pursuance of it.	120A	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS.
61(2)	Criminal conspiracy punishment.	A person party to a criminal conspiracy to commit a serious offence (death, life imprisonment, or ≥2 years’ rigorous imprisonment) is punished as an abettor of that offence, while other conspiracies carry up to six months’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	120B	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS, sans heading.
62	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.	Anyone who attempts to commit an offence punishable with life imprisonment or any other imprisonment, and performs any act towards it, shall be punished with up to half of the maximum imprisonment prescribed for that offence, or with fine, or both, if no specific punishment for attempt is given in the law.	511	No change.
63	Rape definition.	Rape occurs when a man performs any act of sexual penetration or manipulation with a woman without her free and valid consent, or under coercion, deception, intoxication, or when she is under 18 years of age or unable to consent. Consent must be clear, voluntary, and communicative—silence or lack of resistance does not imply consent. Medical procedures and intercourse with one’s wife above 18 years are not considered rape under the law.	375	Age of Consent: 15 years is replaced by 18 years in BNS. Exception 2 of Section 63 states that “sexual intercourse or acts by a man with his wife, the wife not being under 18 years of age, is not rape”.
64	Punishment for rape.	The punishment for rape is rigorous imprisonment for at least 10 years, which may extend to life imprisonment, along with a fine. If committed by a police officer, public servant, armed forces member, hospital or custodial staff, guardian, teacher, or any person in authority, or during violence, on a pregnant or disabled woman, or if repeated, the punishment is life imprisonment for the remainder of the offender’s natural life and a fine.	376(1) & 376(2)	Word “military” is replaced with “army”.
65(1)	Punishment for rape in certain cases- rape on a woman under sixteen years.	If rape is committed on a girl under 16 years, the punishment is rigorous imprisonment for at least 20 years, which may extend to life imprisonment for the rest of the offender’s natural life, plus a fine paid to the victim for her medical and rehabilitation expenses. If the victim is under 12 years, the punishment is rigorous imprisonment for at least 20 years, which may extend to life imprisonment till natural death or even death penalty, along with a fine payable to the victim.	376(3)	No change.
65(2)	Punishment for rape in certain cases- rape on a woman under twelve years.		376AB	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
66	Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.	If, during the commission of rape (as covered under Section 64(1) or 64(2)), the offender causes the death of the woman or leaves her in a persistent vegetative state, the punishment is rigorous imprisonment for at least 20 years, which may extend to life imprisonment till the end of the offender’s natural life, or even the death penalty.	376A	No change.
67	Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.	If a husband forcibly has sexual intercourse with his wife who is living separately, whether by court order or mutual separation, it is a criminal offence. He can be punished with imprisonment from 2 to 7 years and a fine. Here, “sexual intercourse” includes the acts defined under Section 63(a) to (d) (covering all forms of penetrative acts).	376B	No change.
68	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.	If a person in authority or trust — such as a public servant, jail or hospital staff, or anyone managing a women’s or children’s institution — uses his position to seduce or induce a woman under his charge to have sexual intercourse (not amounting to rape), he commits an offence. He can be punished with rigorous imprisonment from 5 to 10 years and a fine. Here, “sexual intercourse” includes all acts defined under Section 63(a)–(d), and the same explanations of Section 63 apply.	376C	No change.
69	Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means etc.	If a person has sexual intercourse with a woman by deceitful means — such as by making a false promise to marry or misleading her through false identity, job, or promotion offers — and it does not amount to rape, he commits an offence. Punishment: Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine. (“Deceitful means” includes false promise of marriage, fake job offers, or hiding true identity while marrying.)	-	“Whoever, by deceitful means or by making promise to marry to a woman without any intention of fulfilling the same, has sexual intercourse with her, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation. — “deceitful means” shall include inducement for, or false promise of employment or promotion, or marrying by suppressing identity.”
70(1)	Gang rape.	If a woman is raped by a group of people or by persons sharing a common intention, then each person involved is considered to have committed rape. Punishment: Rigorous imprisonment for at least 20 years, which may extend to imprisonment for life (for the rest of the offender’s life), along with fine. The fine must be reasonable and used for the victim’s medical expenses and rehabilitation.	376D	No Change except IPC section is included as subsection in BNS.
70(2)	Gang rape on women under the age of eighteen.	If a girl below 18 years of age is gang-raped by one or more persons acting together or sharing a common intention, each person involved will be treated as having committed rape. Punishment: Life imprisonment for the rest of the offender’s natural life or death penalty, along with a fine that must cover the victim’s medical and rehabilitation costs and be paid directly to her.	376DB	In 376DB IPC, the age of the victim is 12 years, and punishment is the death penalty. In 70(2) BNS, the age of the victim is under 18 years, and punishment is the death penalty. Section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading.
71	Punishment for repeat offenders.	If a person has already been convicted once for serious sexual offences like rape (Sections 64, 65, 66, or 70) and commits any of these offences again, they will face life imprisonment for the rest of their natural life or may even be sentenced to death.	376E	No change.
72	Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences etc.	It is illegal to publish or reveal the identity of a victim of sexual offences (under Sections 64–71). Anyone who does so can face up to 2 years in jail and a fine. However, disclosure is allowed only if it is: Done by the police for investigation, Authorized in writing by the victim, or Authorized by the next of kin (in case the victim is dead, a child, or of unsound mind), and only through a recognized welfare organization.	228A (1)/(2)	Word "minor' is replaced by 'child'.
73	Printing or publishing any matter relating to court proceedings without permission.	It is prohibited to print or publish any material related to court proceedings of sexual offence cases (under Section 72) without prior permission of the Court. Doing so can lead to up to 2 years of imprisonment and a fine. However, publishing judgments of the High Court or Supreme Court is not considered an offence under this section.	228A (3)	Sub-section of IPC is treated as individual section in BNS with heading.
74	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.	If a person assaults or uses criminal force against a woman with the intention to outrage her modesty or knowing it is likely to do so, he can be punished with imprisonment from 1 to 5 years and also fined. This section protects women from acts that insult or violate their personal dignity through indecent or inappropriate behavior.	354	No change.
75	Sexual harassment.	A man who makes unwelcome sexual advances, demands sexual favors, shows pornography, or makes sexually colored remarks commits sexual harassment. 1) For the first three acts — punishment is up to 3 years’ imprisonment or fine or both. 2) For sexually colored remarks — punishment is up to 1 year’s imprisonment or fine or both.	354A	No change.
76	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent disrobe.	Anyone who assaults or uses force to disrobe a woman or compel her to be naked, or abets such an act, commits a serious offence. Punishment: 3 to 7 years’ imprisonment and fine.	354B	Words “Any man who” is replaced by “Whoever”.
77	Voyeurism.	Voyeurism means watching, recording, or sharing images of a woman during a private act without her consent or expectation of being observed. First offence: 1–3 years’ imprisonment + fine. Repeat offence: 3–7 years’ imprisonment + fine.	354C	Ditto.
78	Stalking.	Stalking means repeatedly following, contacting, or monitoring a woman’s online activity despite her disinterest. First offence: Up to 3 years’ imprisonment + fine. Repeat offence: Up to 5 years’ imprisonment + fine. (Not an offence if done lawfully or for crime prevention.)	354D	No change.
79	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.	Whoever uses words, gestures, sounds, or actions intending to insult a woman’s modesty or intrude upon her privacy shall be punished with simple imprisonment up to 3 years and fine.	509	No change.
80	Dowry death.	If a woman dies unnaturally within seven years of marriage due to cruelty or harassment for dowry by her husband or his relatives, it is termed as dowry death, and they shall be punished with imprisonment from 7 years to life.	304B	No change.
81	Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.	If a man deceives a woman into believing she is lawfully married to him and then cohabits or has sexual intercourse with her under that false belief, he shall be punished with imprisonment up to 10 years and fine.	493	No change.
82(1)	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.	Whoever marries again while their spouse is still alive commits an offence of bigamy, punishable with imprisonment up to 7 years and fine. However, it is not an offence if the first marriage is declared void by a court or if the spouse has been absent and unheard of for 7 years, provided the facts are disclosed to the new partner.	494	IPC section is included as a sub-section.
82(2)	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted.	If a person remarries while concealing their existing marriage, they commit a more serious offence and can be punished with imprisonment up to 10 years and fine for deceitfully hiding the former marriage.	495	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. Words “defined in last preceding section” are excluded.
83	Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.	Anyone who knowingly and fraudulently goes through a marriage ceremony without a lawful marriage being created can be punished with up to 7 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It targets those who deceive others by pretending to enter a valid marriage.	496	No change.
84	Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married Woman.	Anyone who knowingly entices, takes away, or detains another man’s wife with the intent of having illicit intercourse is punishable with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, fine, or both. It penalizes acts done with criminal intent to exploit a married woman.	498	The words “from that man or from any person having the care of her on behalf of that man” are excluded.
85	Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.	If a husband or his relative subjects a woman to cruelty, they can be punished with up to 3 years’ imprisonment and a fine. This provision protects women from harassment, abuse, or ill-treatment within marriage.	498A	No change.
86	Cruelty defined.	“Cruelty” includes any wilful act likely to drive a woman to suicide or cause serious physical or mental harm, and harassment intended to force her or her family to meet unlawful demands for property or money. It covers both physical and mental abuse, especially linked to dowry or coercion.	498A Explanat ion	IPC Section 498A has been bifurcated into Sections 85 and 86. The IPC explanation part has been provided in Section 86 BNS under the heading Cruelty defined.
87	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.	Anyone who kidnaps, abducts, or compels a woman to marry against her will or to engage in illicit intercourse can face up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It also punishes those who use threats, authority, or coercion to induce a woman for such acts.	366	No change.
88	Causing miscarriage.	Anyone who intentionally causes a woman to miscarry, except to save her life, faces up to 3 years’ imprisonment or fine, and up to 7 years if the woman is “quick with child.” Even a woman causing her own miscarriage is punishable under this provision.	312	No change.
89	Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.	Anyone who causes a miscarriage without the woman’s consent, regardless of pregnancy stage, can be punished with life imprisonment or up to 10 years and a fine. It treats non-consensual miscarriage as a grave offence against bodily autonomy.	313	In place of words “defined in last preceding section” previous section number is mentioned in BNS.
90	Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.	If an act intended to cause miscarriage results in the woman’s death, the offender faces up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. If done without her consent, the punishment may extend to life imprisonment, even if death was unintended.	314	Heading of para-2 “if act done without woman’s consent” is excluded. The words "Where the act referred to in sub-section (1)” are added.
91	Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.	Anyone who intentionally causes a child to not be born alive or to die after birth, except to save the mother’s life, faces up to 10 years’ imprisonment or fine. It criminalizes acts aimed at destroying life before or immediately after birth.	315	No change.
92	Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.	Anyone whose act, amounting to culpable homicide, causes the death of a “quick unborn child” can be punished with up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It equates the killing of a nearly developed unborn child to culpable homicide.	316	No change.
93	Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it.	A parent or caretaker who abandons a child under 12 years with the intent to desert them faces up to 7 years’ imprisonment or fine. If the child dies due to such abandonment, the offender may also be tried for murder or culpable homicide.	317	No change.
94	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.	Anyone who secretly buries or disposes of a dead child’s body to conceal its birth can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment or fine. It penalizes intentional concealment of childbirth, whether the child was born alive or not.	318	No change.
95	Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.	Anyone who hires or uses a child to commit an offence faces 3 to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine, and is further punished as if they committed the offence themselves. This includes exploiting or using a child for sexual purposes or pornography.	-	“Whoever hires, employs or engages any child to commit an offence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to ten years, and with fine; and if the offence be committed shall also be punished with the punishment provided for that offence as if the offence has been committed by such person himself. Explanation. —Hiring, employing, engaging or using a child for sexual exploitation or pornography is covered within the meaning of this section”.
96	Procuration of child.	Anyone who induces a child to go anywhere or do any act with the intent or knowledge that the child will be forced or seduced into illicit intercourse can be punished with up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It criminalizes any form of child procurement for sexual exploitation.	366A	Words “minor girl under the age of eighteen years” are replaced by word “child” and made gender neutral.
97	Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person.	Anyone who kidnaps or abducts a child under 10 years with the intent to steal property from them can be punished with up to 7 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It targets child abduction done for theft or dishonest gain.	369	No change.
98	Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.	Anyone who sells or disposes of a child for prostitution, illicit intercourse, or any immoral purpose faces up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. Selling a girl under 18 to a prostitute or brothel keeper is presumed to be for prostitution unless proven otherwise.	372	“minor” is replaced by “child” in heading and words “any person under the age of eighteen years” are replaced by the word "child'.
99	Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.	Anyone who buys, hires, or gains possession of a child for prostitution, illicit intercourse, or any immoral purpose faces 7 to 14 years’ imprisonment and a fine. If a prostitute or brothel keeper obtains a girl under 18, it is presumed to be for prostitution unless proven otherwise.	373	Minimum mandatory punishment is introduced as seven years, and the upper limit of imprisonment is extended up to fourteen years in BNS, in place of ten years in IPC. Words “any person under the age of eighteen years” are replaced by the word "child'.
100	Culpable homicide.	Culpable homicide occurs when someone causes death with the intent to kill, cause serious injury likely to cause death, or with knowledge that their act may cause death. It includes accelerating death in a sick person or causing fatal injury despite possible medical prevention but excludes killing an unborn child.	299	No change.
101	Murder.	Murder is a form of culpable homicide committed with intent or knowledge that death will probably result from the act. However, it is not murder if death occurs due to grave provocation, self-defence exceeding limits, good faith acts by public servants, sudden fights without cruelty, or with the victim’s consent.	300	Formal changes, but essence is the same, Secondly, thirdly, and fourthly, are replaced by clauses (a), (b), (c), and (d). The word “it” is replaced by the words "the act by which death is caused".
102	Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.	If someone causes the death of a person other than the intended victim, the act is still culpable homicide. The offence is treated as if the person killed was the one whose death was intended or known to be likely.	301	No change.
103 (1)	Punishment for murder.	Anyone who commits murder is punishable with death or life imprisonment and may also be fined. It prescribes the highest penalties for the gravest offence against human life.	302	No Change, except IPC section is included as subsection in BNS.
103 (2)	Punishment for murder.	If five or more persons commit murder collectively on grounds like race, caste, religion, gender, or belief, each member is punishable with death or life imprisonment and a fine. It specifically targets hate or mob-based killings.	-	“When a group of five or more persons acting in concert commits murder on the ground of race, caste or community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other similar ground each member of such group shall be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine”.
104	Punishment for murder by life- convict.	A person already serving life imprisonment who commits murder can be punished with death or life imprisonment for the remainder of their natural life. It ensures stricter punishment for repeat offenders of murder.	303	BNS gives an alternate punishment for the life-convict murderer as death 'or with imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of that person’s natural life', whereas in IPC, only punishment is a death sentence for murder by a life convict.
105	Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.	Culpable homicide not amounting to murder is punishable with life imprisonment or 5–10 years if done with intent to cause death or fatal injury, and up to 10 years with fine if done with mere knowledge of likely death. It distinguishes lesser culpability from murder based on intent.	304	Minimum imprisonment for five years is added and fine is made mandatory.
106 (1)	Causing death by negligence.	Anyone who causes death through a rash or negligent act, not amounting to culpable homicide, faces up to 5 years’ imprisonment and fine. If done by a registered medical practitioner during a medical procedure, the punishment may extend to 2 years and fine.	304A	IPC section is included as subsection in BNS. Imprisonment is increased and offence by registered medical practitioner and its explanation are added.
106 (2)	Causing death by negligence.	Anyone who causes death by rash or negligent driving and flees without reporting to police or a Magistrate faces up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It penalizes both reckless driving and failure to take responsibility after the accident.	-	This is a new addition, but it will not come into force from 1st July 2024 with other new laws, it is kept on hold.
107	Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.	Anyone who abets the suicide of a child, mentally unsound, delirious, or intoxicated person can be punished with death, life imprisonment, or up to 10 years and a fine. It treats abetment of suicide of vulnerable persons as a grave offence.	305	Formal changes but essence is same- 'insane person' is replaced by 'person of unsound mind'.
108	Abetment of suicide.	Anyone who abets another person’s suicide can be punished with up to 10 years’ imprisonment and a fine. It criminalizes encouraging, aiding, or instigating someone to take their own life.	306	No change.
109	Attempt to murder.	Anyone who acts with intent or knowledge that would amount to murder if death were caused faces up to 10 years’ imprisonment and fine, or life imprisonment if injury occurs. If already serving life imprisonment, and hurt is caused, the offender may face death or life imprisonment for the rest of their natural life.	307	Under IPC, Section 307 Clause 2 prescribes the death penalty only for an attempt to murder by a life-convict, but alternate punishment is given in Section 109(2) of the BNS, which states that "be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of that person’s natural life".
110	Attempt to commit culpable homicide.	Anyone who acts with intent or knowledge that would amount to culpable homicide if death occurred faces up to 3 years’ imprisonment or fine. If the act causes hurt, punishment may extend to 7 years and fine.	308	No change.
111	Organized crime.	Organised crime involves continuing unlawful activities like extortion, trafficking, cybercrime, or economic offences by individuals or syndicates using violence or coercion for material gain. Those involved face severe penalties — including death or life imprisonment if death results, and minimum imprisonment of 5 years with heavy fines in other cases. Abettors, members, concealers, or holders of illicit proceeds are also strictly punishable under this provision.	-	Newly added section. “Any continuing unlawful activity including kidnapping, robbery, vehicle theft, extortion, land grabbing, contract killing, economic offence, cyber- crimes, trafficking of persons, drugs, weapons or illicit goods or services, human trafficking for prostitution or ransom, by any person or a group of persons acting in concert, singly or jointly, either as a member of an organised crime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate, by use of violence, threat of violence, intimidation, coercion, or by any other unlawful means to obtain direct or indirect material benefit including a financial benefit, shall constitute organised crime”.
112	Petty organized crime.	Petty organised crime refers to offences like theft, snatching, cheating, or gambling committed by a group or gang. Punishment: imprisonment from 1 to 7 years and a fine.	-	Newly added section. “Whoever, being a member of a group or gang, either singly or jointly, commits any act of theft, snatching, cheating, unauthorised selling of tickets, unauthorised betting or gambling, selling of public examination question papers or any other similar criminal act, is said to commit petty organised crime”.
113	Terrorist act.	A terrorist act is any act done with intent to threaten India’s unity, sovereignty, or security, or to strike terror using weapons, explosives, chemicals, or other hazardous means causing death, injury, property damage, or disruption. Punishment: Death or life imprisonment if it causes death; otherwise, imprisonment from 5 years to life and fine.	-	Newly added section.
114	Hurt.	Hurt means causing bodily pain, disease, or infirmity to another person.	319	No change.
115 (1)	Voluntarily causing hurt.	Voluntarily causing hurt means intentionally or knowingly doing an act that causes bodily pain, disease, or infirmity to another person.	321	No Change except IPC section is included as subsection in BNS.
115 (2)	Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt.	Whoever voluntarily causes hurt (except as mentioned in Section 122(1)) shall be punished with imprisonment up to one year, or with fine up to ₹10,000, or with both.	323	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. Fine is increased (which may extend to ten thousand rupees).
116	Grievous hurt definition.	The following are considered grievous hurt: emasculation, permanent loss of sight, hearing, or limb function; fracture or dislocation of bone or tooth; permanent disfigurement of face or head; or any injury that endangers life or causes severe pain or incapacity for 15 days or more.	320	Suffering threshold period for grievous hurt is reduced from twenty days to fifteen days.
117 (1)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt punishment.	A person voluntarily causes grievous hurt when they intentionally or knowingly inflict serious injury that results in grievous harm. Even if the type of grievous hurt differs from what was intended, they are still liable.	322	No change.
117 (2)	Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt.	Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt (except in cases under Section 122(2)) shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.	325	Formal changes but essence is same.
117 (3)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.	If the act of voluntarily causing grievous hurt results in permanent disability or leaves the victim in a persistent vegetative state, the offender shall face rigorous imprisonment of not less than 10 years, which may extend to life imprisonment (for the remainder of their natural life).	-	New addition. “Whoever commits an offence under sub-section (1) and in the course of such commission causes any hurt to a person which causes that person to be in permanent disability or in persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life”.
117 (4)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.	If five or more persons acting together cause grievous hurt to someone because of their race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language, belief, or similar grounds, each member is guilty and punishable with imprisonment up to seven years and fine.	-	New addition. “When a group of five or more persons acting in concert, causes grievous hurt to a person on the ground of his race, caste or community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other similar ground, each member of such group shall be guilty of the offence of causing grievous hurt, and shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine”.
118 (1)	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.	Anyone who voluntarily causes hurt using dangerous weapons or means—such as firearms, sharp instruments, fire, poison, explosives, corrosive substances, or animals—shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or fine up to ₹20,000, or both.	324	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS. Fine is increased which may extend to twenty thousand rupees and words “'grievous hurt” are added in heading.
118 (2)	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.	Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt using dangerous weapons or means (as mentioned in sub-section 1) shall be punished with imprisonment for life or imprisonment from one to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	326	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Mandatory minimum imprisonment for one year is added.
119 (1)	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.	Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to extort property or to force someone to commit an illegal act shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.	327	No change except that the IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
119 (2)	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.	Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt to extort property or compel an illegal act shall be punished with imprisonment for life or up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	329	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. The words “any purpose referred to in sub-section (1)” is added.
120 (1)	Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property.	Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to extort a confession, information, or restoration of property shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.	330	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
120 (2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.	Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt to extort confession, information, or restoration of property shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.	331	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Words “any purpose referred to in sub-section (1)” are added.
121 (1)	Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty.	Whoever voluntarily causes hurt to a public servant to deter or prevent them from performing their duty shall be punished with imprisonment up to five years, or with fine, or with both.	332	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS. Imprisonment is increased from three to five years.
121 (2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.	Whoever voluntarily causes grievous hurt to a public servant while they are performing their duty or to deter them from doing so, shall be punished with imprisonment between one and ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	333	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Mandatory minimum imprisonment of one year is added.
122 (1)	Voluntarily causing provocation hurt on.	Whoever, under grave and sudden provocation, voluntarily causes hurt to the person who provoked him, without intending or knowing to hurt anyone else, shall be punished with imprisonment up to one month, or fine up to ₹5,000, or with both.	334	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS. Fine is increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees
122 (2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation.	Whoever, under grave and sudden provocation, voluntarily causes grievous hurt to the person provoking him, without intending or knowing to harm others, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 5 years or fine up to ₹10,000, or both, subject to the same proviso as Exception 1 of Section 101.	335	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Imprisonment is increased from four to five years and fine is increased from two thousand to ten thousand rupees.
123	Causing harm by means of poison etc with intent to commit an offence.	Whoever gives or causes anyone to take poison, intoxicating, or harmful substances with intent to cause hurt or facilitate an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 10 years and fine.	328	No change.
124 (1)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid etc.	Whoever intentionally causes grievous hurt, deformity, or disability by throwing or using acid shall be punished with imprisonment of 10 years to life and fine payable to the victim for medical expenses.	326A	The IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS. Words “causes a person to be in a permanent vegetative state" are added in Section 124(1) of the BNS.
124 (2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by throwing or attempting to throw acid.	Whoever attempts to cause injury by throwing or using acid shall be punished with imprisonment from 5 to 7 years and fine. “Acid” includes any corrosive or burning substance capable of causing injury, even if not permanent.	326B	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading. Words “permanent vegetative state” are added
125	Act endangering life or personal safety of others.	Whoever rashly or negligently endangers human life or safety shall face up to 3 months’ imprisonment or ₹2,500 fine	336	Fine is increased from rupees two hundred and fifty to two thousand five hundred.
125 (a)	Where hurt is caused.	If hurt is caused: up to 6 months or ₹5,000 fine;	337	Fine is increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees.
125 (b)	Where grievous hurt is caused.	If grievous hurt is caused: up to 3 years or ₹10,000 fine.	338	Imprisonment is increased from two years to three years and fine is increased from one thousand to ten thousand rupees.
126 (1)	Wrongful restraint.	Wrongful restraint means voluntarily stopping someone from going in a direction they have a right to go. Exception: If a person in good faith believes they have a lawful right to obstruct a private path, it is not an offence.	339	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS.
126 (2)	Punishment for Wrongful restraint.	Whoever wrongfully restrains a person shall be punished with simple imprisonment up to one month, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	341	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading. Fine is increased from five hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
127 (1)	Wrongful confinement.	Whoever wrongfully restrains a person so as to prevent them from moving beyond certain limits is said to wrongfully confine that person.	340	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS.
127 (2)	Punishment for Wrongful confinement.	Whoever wrongfully confines any person shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for up to one year, or with a fine up to ₹5,000, or with both.	342	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
127 (3)	Wrongful confinement for three or more days.	If a person is wrongfully confined for three days or more, the offender can be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	343	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. Imprisonment is increased from two years to three years, and the fine is extended up to ten thousand rupees.
127 (4)	Wrongful confinement for ten or more days.	If someone wrongfully confines a person for ten days or more, they can be punished with imprisonment up to five years and a fine of at least ₹10,000.	344	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. Imprisonment is increased from three to five years, and a minimum fine of ten thousand rupees is stipulated.
127 (5)	Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued.	If someone knowingly keeps a person confined even after a court has issued a writ (order) for their release, that person can be punished with up to two years of extra imprisonment, in addition to any other punishment for wrongful confinement, and will also have to pay a fine.	345	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Fine is added.
127 (6)	Wrongful confinement in secret.	If someone confines a person secretly — in a way that shows they don’t want anyone (like relatives, friends, or authorities) to know about the confinement or the location — then that person can be punished with up to 3 years of additional imprisonment (apart from any other punishment for wrongful confinement) and will also have to pay a fine.	346	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Imprisonment is increased from two to three years and fine is added
127 (7)	Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act.	If anyone wrongfully confines a person to extort money, property, or information, or to force them to do something illegal, they can be punished with up to 3 years in jail and a fine.	347	No Change except that IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
127 (8)	Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property.	If anyone wrongfully confines a person to force a confession, extract information, or recover property or money, they can be punished with up to 3 years of imprisonment and a fine.	348	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other change.
128	Force.	A person uses force when they cause movement, stop movement, or bring anything into contact with another person’s body (directly or indirectly). This can be done through their own strength, by setting something in motion, or by making an animal act.	349	There is a change in phraseology; also, first, secondly, and thirdly have been replaced with (a), (b), and (c ).
129	Criminal force.	When someone intentionally uses force on another person without consent, causing or likely to cause injury, fear, or annoyance, it is called criminal force.	350	No change.
130	Assault.	If a person makes a gesture or preparation that causes someone to fear immediate use of criminal force, it is called assault. Mere words aren’t assault, but words with threatening gestures can make it one.	351	No change.
131	Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.	Anyone who assaults or uses criminal force on another without grave and sudden provocation can face up to 3 months’ jail, ₹1,000 fine, or both. Provocation doesn’t reduce punishment if it was self-created, from lawful acts, or by someone exercising private defence — and whether it was truly grave and sudden is a question of fact.	352	Fine is increased from five hundred to one thousand rupees.
132	Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.	Anyone who assaults or uses criminal force against a public servant performing official duty, or to prevent or retaliate against such duty, can face up to 2 years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	353	No change.
133	Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.	Anyone who assaults or uses criminal force to insult or dishonour another person, without grave and sudden provocation, can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	355	No change.
134	Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.	If anyone uses assault or criminal force while trying to steal property being worn or carried by a person, they can be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both.	356	No change.
135	Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.	Anyone who assaults or uses criminal force while trying to wrongfully confine another person can be punished with imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	357	Fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
136	Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.	If a person assaults or uses criminal force due to grave and sudden provocation given by the other person, they can be punished with simple imprisonment up to 1 month, or fine up to ₹1,000, or both, subject to the same conditions as in Section 131.	358	Fine is increased from two hundred to one thousand rupees.
137 (1)	Kidnapping.	Kidnapping is of two types — (a) kidnapping from India, and (b) kidnapping from lawful guardianship.	359	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
137 (1) (a)	Kidnapping from India.	When someone takes a person outside India without their or their guardian’s consent, it is called kidnapping from India.	360	Ditto.
137 (1) (b)	Kidnapping from lawful guardianship.	Taking or enticing a child or person of unsound mind away from their lawful guardian without consent amounts to kidnapping from lawful guardianship, except when done in good faith by someone believing they have a right to custody.	361	The IPC section is included as a clause in the BNS. Words “minor under the age of sixteen years of male or under eighteen years of age if a female” are replaced by “child” thus making it gender neutral.
137 (2)	Punishment for kidnapping.	Whoever commits kidnapping from India or from lawful guardianship shall be punished with imprisonment of up to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.	363	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
138	Abduction.	Abduction.—Whoever by force compels, or by any deceitful means induces, any person to go from any place, is said to abduct that person.	362	No change.
139	Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.	Whoever kidnaps or gains custody of a child to use for begging shall face rigorous imprisonment of 10 years to life and fine. Maiming a child for begging purposes shall be punished with 20 years to life imprisonment (for the remainder of natural life) and fine. Using or employing a child for begging presumes kidnapping, unless proven otherwise.	363A,	The word “minor” is replaced by "child”. The word "rigorous" is added. Imprisonment is extended up to life, i.e., imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life. The clause (b) of sub-section (4) definition is excluded.
140 (1)	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder, etc.	Whoever kidnaps or abducts a person with the intent to murder or endanger their life commits a grave offence. Such acts include any situation where the victim may be killed or put in danger of being killed. The punishment includes imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, along with a fine. This provision targets kidnapping done with a deadly or murderous intent.	364	No Change except that IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
140 (2)	Kidnapping for ransom, etc.	Whoever kidnaps or detains a person to extort ransom or compel action by threatening, hurting, or killing them is guilty of a heinous offence. Such an act is punishable with death or imprisonment for life, along with a fine.	364A	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
140 (3)	Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person.	Whoever kidnaps or abducts a person to secretly and wrongfully confine them commits a serious offence. They shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and fine.	365	Ditto.
140 (4)	Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.	Whoever kidnaps or abducts a person to subject them to grievous hurt, slavery, or unnatural lust, or knowing it likely, shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and fine.	367	Ditto.
141	Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.	Whoever imports into India any girl below 21 years or boy below 18 years for or knowing it likely they will be forced or seduced to illicit intercourse, shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and fine.	366B	Words “any boy under the age of eighteen years” added and “she” is replaced by “girl or boy”.
142	Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.	Whoever knowingly conceals or confines a person who has been kidnapped or abducted shall be punished as if he himself had kidnapped or abducted that person with the same intention or purpose.	368	No change.
143	Trafficking of person.	Trafficking involves recruiting, transporting, or harbouring a person for exploitation through force, fraud, coercion, or inducement, regardless of the victim’s consent. Punishment ranges from 7 years to life imprisonment, depending on the number and age of victims. If a child is trafficked multiple times or if a public servant/police officer is involved, the punishment is life imprisonment for the offender’s natural life.	370	Word “minor” is replaced by “child”.
144	Exploitation of a trafficked person.	Anyone who knowingly exploits a trafficked person for sexual purposes is punishable with rigorous imprisonment and fine. If the victim is a child, punishment ranges from 5 to 10 years; for an adult, imprisonment ranges from 3 to 7 years, along with a fine.	370A	The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from seven years to ten years, and for sub- section (2), from five years to seven years. “minor” is replaced by “child”.
145	Habitual dealing in slaves.	Anyone who habitually trades, traffics, or deals in slaves shall be punished with imprisonment for life or up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	371	No change.
146	Unlawful compulsory labour.	Anyone who forces another person to work against their will shall be punished with imprisonment up to one year, or with fine, or with both.	374	No change.
147	Waging, or attempting to wage war. or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India.	Anyone who wages, attempts to wage, or abets war against the Government of India shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.	121	No change.
148	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by Section 147.	Anyone who conspires to commit offences punishable under Section 147, or to overawe the Central or State Government by criminal force or its threat, shall be punished with imprisonment for life or up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation: No act or illegal omission is required to complete the offence of conspiracy under this section.	121A	“and beyond” is added.
149	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India.	Whoever gathers people, arms, or ammunition, or makes preparations to wage war against the Government of India, commits an offence.They can be punished with imprisonment for life or up to ten years, along with a fine.	122	No change.
150	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.	Whoever hides or fails to disclose a plan to wage war against the Government of India, knowing it will help that plan, commits an offence. Punishment: imprisonment up to 10 years, plus fine.	123	No change.
151	Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power.	Anyone who assaults, restrains, or uses criminal force to pressure the President or a Governor into exercising or not exercising their lawful powers commits an offence. Punishment: up to 7 years imprisonment, plus fine.	124	No change.
152	Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.	Any act—spoken, written, symbolic, electronic, or financial—that excites or attempts to excite secession, armed rebellion, separatism, or endangers India’s sovereignty/unity is punishable with life imprisonment or up to 7 years + fine. Lawful criticism of government measures without promoting such activities is not an offence.	-	Newly added section. “Whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or by electronic communication or by use of financial mean, or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite, secession or armed rebellion or subversive activities, or encourages feelings of separatist activities or endangers sovereignty or unity and integrity of India; or indulges in or commits any such act shall be punished with imprisonment for life or With imprisonment which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.”
153	Waging war against Government of any Foreign State at peace with Government of India.	Whoever wages, attempts to wage, or abets war against any foreign State that is at peace with India is punishable with life imprisonment or up to 7 years, along with fine. The offence covers all acts of participation, attempt, or support in such hostile activities.	125	Words “any Asiatic power in alliance” are replaced by “Government of any foreign State at peace”.
154	Committing depredation on territories of Foreign State at peace with Government of India.	Committing or preparing to commit depredation (violent plundering) in the territory of a foreign State at peace with India is punishable with up to 7 years’ imprisonment, fine, and forfeiture of related property. All property used or gained in the act can be confiscated.	126	Words “any power in alliance” are replaced by “any foreign State”.
155	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in Sections 153 and 154.	Anyone who knowingly receives property obtained through waging war or depredation (under sections 153 or 154) can be punished with up to 7 years’ imprisonment, fine, and forfeiture of that property.	127	No change.
156	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.	A public servant who intentionally allows a State prisoner or prisoner of war to escape can be punished with life imprisonment or up to 10 years' imprisonment, along with a fine.	128	No change.
157	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.	A public servant who, due to negligence, allows a State prisoner or prisoner of war to escape can be punished with simple imprisonment up to 3 years, along with a fine.	129	No change.
158	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.	Anyone who knowingly helps, rescues, harbours, or resists the recapture of a State prisoner or prisoner of war who escapes lawful custody can face life imprisonment or up to 10 years’ imprisonment, plus a fine. The law clarifies that even a prisoner on parole escapes custody if they go beyond permitted limits.	130	No change.
159	Abetting mutiny, attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.	Anyone who abets mutiny or tries to seduce a soldier, sailor, or airman from duty is punishable with life imprisonment or up to 10 years, along with a fine.	131	No change.
160	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.	If mutiny actually occurs due to someone's abetment, that person can be punished with death, life imprisonment, or up to 10 years, along with a fine.	132	Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from three years to ten years.
161	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.	Whoever abets an assault by a soldier, sailor, airman, or officer on their superior officer performing official duty can be punished with up to 3 years’ imprisonment and a fine.	133	No change.
162	Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed.	If someone abets an assault on a superior officer by military personnel and the assault actually occurs because of that abetment, the person faces up to 7 years’ imprisonment plus fine.	134	No change.
163	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.	Whoever abets the desertion of any member of the Indian Armed Forces can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	135	No change.
164	Harbouring deserter.	Whoever knowingly harbours a deserter from the Indian Armed Forces can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both. However, a spouse giving shelter is exempted from this offence.	136	Word “wife” is replaced by “spouse” in the exception of this section thereby made gender nuetral.
165	Deserter concealed on board, of master merchant vessel through negligence.	If a deserter is concealed on a merchant vessel, the master in charge is liable for a penalty up to ₹3,000 if the concealment occurred due to negligence or lack of discipline, even if he was unaware of it.	137	Upper limit of fine is increased from five hundred to three thousand rupees.
166	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.	Anyone who abets an act of insubordination by a member of the armed forces, and the act occurs because of that abetment, can be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment or fine, or both.	138	Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from six months to two years.
167	Persons subject to certain Acts.	Persons governed by the Air Force Act, Army Act, or Navy Act cannot be punished under this Sanhita for offences covered in this Chapter; they are dealt with exclusively under their respective military laws.	139	No change.
168	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.	Impersonating a soldier, sailor, or airman by wearing similar uniform or tokens with intent to mislead is punishable with up to 3 months’ imprisonment, or ₹2,000 fine, or both.	140	“Military” is replaced by "Army." The upper limit of the fine has been increased from five hundred to two thousand rupees.
169	Candidate, electoral right defined.	A candidate is anyone officially nominated to contest an election, and electoral right refers to a person’s right to contest, withdraw, vote, or abstain from voting in an election.	171A	No change.
170	Bribery.	Bribery occurs when someone gives or accepts any gratification to influence or reward the exercise of electoral rights. Anyone offering, agreeing to give, accepting, or attempting to obtain such gratification is treated as giving or accepting it. Promises of public policy or public action do not amount to bribery.	171B	No change.
171	Undue influence at elections.	Undue influence at elections means intentionally interfering with someone’s free choice to vote, including threats or using spiritual pressure. However, genuine public policy statements, lawful actions, or promises of public benefit without intent to influence are not considered undue influence.	171C	No change.
172	Personation at elections.	Personation at elections means voting in someone else’s name—whether the person is alive, dead, or fictitious—or trying to vote more than once, or helping someone else do so. This does not apply to legally authorised proxy voters who vote only for the elector they represent.	171D	No change.
173	Punishment for bribery.	Punishment for bribery: Anyone committing bribery in elections can be punished with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both. However, if the bribery is through “treating” (giving food, drinks, entertainment, or provisions), the punishment is fine only.	171E	No change.
174	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.	Punishment: Anyone committing undue influence or personation during an election can face imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both.	171F	No change.
175	False statement in connection with an election.	Anyone who knowingly makes or publishes a false statement about a candidate’s personal character or conduct to influence an election result can be punished with a fine.	171G	No change.
176	Illegal payment in connection with an election.	Anyone who spends money or authorises expenses to promote a candidate’s election without written permission from the candidate can be punished with a fine up to ₹10,000. However, if the unauthorised expense is under ₹10 and the person gets written approval within 10 days, it will be treated as authorised.	171H	Upper limit of fine is increased from five hundred to ten thousand rupees.
177	Failure to keep election accounts.	Anyone who is legally required to maintain election expense accounts but fails to do so can be punished with a fine up to ₹5,000.	171-I	Upper limit of fine is increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees.
178	Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency- notes or bank- notes.	Whoever counterfeits or helps in counterfeiting coins, government revenue stamps, currency notes, or bank notes is punishable with life imprisonment or up to 10 years imprisonment plus fine. The law also clarifies what “bank-note”, “coin”, and “counterfeiting” mean, including altering genuine coins or stamps to make them appear as different ones.	230 to 232, 246 to 249, 255, 489A	Nine sections of IPC have been covered in this single section of BNS. Thus, in a single stroke, the number of sections and offences has been reduced by eight. Illustrations given u/s 230 IPC are excluded.
179	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.	Whoever uses, sells, buys, receives, imports, exports, or circulates any forged or counterfeit coin, government stamp, currency note, or bank note, knowing or having reason to believe it is fake, is punishable with life imprisonment or up to 10 years imprisonment plus fine.	237 to 241, 250, 251, 254, 258, 260, 489B	Eleven sections of IPC have been covered in this single section of BNS. Thus, in a single stroke, the number of section and offences has been reduced by ten.
180	Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency- notes or bank-notes.	Anyone who knowingly possesses a forged or counterfeit coin, stamp, currency note, or banknote with the intent to use it as genuine (or allow someone else to use it) can be punished with up to 7 years imprisonment, or fine, or both. If the person proves that the counterfeit item came from a lawful source, it is not an offence.	242, 243, 252, 253, 259, 489C	Six sections of IPC have been covered in this single section of BNS. Thus, in a single stroke, the number of sections and offences has been reduced by five. and 'not constitute an offence' is added.
181	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, govt stamps, currency notes or bank notes.	Anyone who makes, repairs, buys, sells, or possesses any machine, die, tool, or material meant for forging or counterfeiting coins, Government stamps, currency notes, or banknotes can be punished with life imprisonment or up to 10 years, plus fine.	233 / 234 / 235 / 256 / 257 / 489D	Six sections of IPC have been covered in this single section of BNS. Thus, in a single stroke, the number of sections and offences has been reduced by five, and 'any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue' is added.
182	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank- notes.	Anyone who makes, uses, or delivers any document that looks like or can deceive someone into believing it is a currency note or banknote can be fined up to ₹300. Refusing to reveal who printed such a document can lead to a fine up to ₹600, and a person whose name appears on it is presumed to have caused it to be made unless proven otherwise.	489E	Upper limit of fine is increased from one hundred to three hundred rupees and two hundred to six hundred rupees.
183	Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.	Anyone who fraudulently removes or erases writing from a Government-stamped material, or removes a used stamp from a document so it can be reused, intending to cause loss to the Government, can be punished with up to 3 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	261	No change.
184	Using Government stamp known to have been before used.	Whoever fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government uses a revenue stamp that they know has already been used before, can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	262	No change.
185	Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.	Whoever fraudulently erases or removes the used mark from a Government revenue stamp, or knowingly possesses/sells such a stamp, can be punished with up to 3 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	263	No change.
186	Prohibition of fictitious stamps.	Anyone who makes, uses, sells, or possesses fictitious (fake/imitated) postage stamps or tools for making them can be punished with a fine up to ₹200, and all such fake stamps or materials can be seized and forfeited. A “fictitious stamp” means any fake or imitated postal stamp pretending to be issued by the Government.	263A	Words “'and also in any part of Her Majesty’s dominions” are excluded.
187	Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.	Any mint employee who intentionally makes coins of incorrect weight or composition by doing something wrong or omitting a legal duty will face up to 7 years’ imprisonment and fine. This ensures that all coins issued from the mint meet the legal standards.	244	No change.
188	Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.	Anyone who illegally removes any coining tool or instrument from an authorised mint in India can be punished with up to 7 years’ imprisonment and a fine. This provision protects the security and integrity of the coin-making process.	245	No change.
189 (1)	Unlawful assembly.	An assembly of five or more people becomes an “unlawful assembly” if their common aim is to use or show criminal force to break the law, resist authorities, commit offences, seize property, or force someone to act against their legal rights. Even a lawful gathering can later turn unlawful if its purpose changes to any of these.	141	First, second, third, fourth, fifth, have been replaced by (a),(b),( c), (d) and( e).
189 (2)	Unlawful assembly- Being member of unlawful assembly.	Anyone who knows an assembly has become an unlawful assembly but still joins or continues in it becomes a member of that unlawful assembly and can be punished with up to 6 months’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	142	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other Changes.
189 (3)	Unlawful assembly- Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse.	If a person knowingly stays in or joins an unlawful assembly after it has been legally ordered to disperse, they can be punished with up to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	145	Ditto.
189 (4)	Unlawful assembly- Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon.—	If someone joins an unlawful assembly while carrying a deadly weapon or anything capable of causing death, they can face up to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	144	Ditto.
189 (5)	Unlawful assembly- Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse.—	Anyone who knowingly stays in or joins a gathering of 5+ people likely to disturb public peace after being ordered to disperse can face up to 6 months’ jail, fine, or both. If the group is an unlawful assembly, then stricter punishment under sub-section (3) applies.	151	Ditto.
189 (6)	Unlawful assembly- Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly.	Anyone who hires, engages, or promotes a person to join an unlawful assembly is punishable as a member and liable for any offence that person commits as part of the assembly.	150	Ditto.
189 (7)	Unlawful assembly- Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly.	Anyone who harbours, receives, or assembles persons known to be joining an unlawful assembly on premises under their control shall be punished with up to six months’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	157	Ditto.
189 (8)/ (9)	Unlawful assembly- Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot. Or to go armed.	Anyone hired or engaged to commit acts of an unlawful assembly faces up to six months’ imprisonment, fine, or both; if armed while doing so, the punishment extends to up to two years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	158	IPC Section 158 both paragraphs, are reproduced in two different sub-sections (8) and (9) of 189 BNS sans heading.
190	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.	Every member of an unlawful assembly is guilty of any offence committed by the assembly in pursuit of its common object, or which members knew was likely to be committed.	149	No change.
191 (1)	Rioting-Offence defined.	Rioting occurs when an unlawful assembly, or any of its members, uses force or violence in pursuit of the assembly’s common object; all members are guilty of rioting.	146	This IPC section defines the offence which is included in BNS as a sub-section.
191 (2)	Rioting- Punishment for rioting.	Anyone guilty of rioting shall be punished with imprisonment for up to two years, or with fine, or with both.	147	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading.
191 (3)	Rioting- Being armed with deadly weapon.—	If a person guilty of rioting is armed with a deadly weapon or anything likely to cause death, they shall be punished with imprisonment for up to five years, or with fine, or with both.	148	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS, sans heading. Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from three years to five years.
192	Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot if rioting be committed if not committed.	If someone wantonly provokes another intending or knowing it may cause rioting, they face up to 1 year imprisonment or fine if rioting occurs, and up to 6 months imprisonment or fine if rioting does not occur.	153	No change.
193 (1)	Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.	If an unlawful assembly or riot occurs on a person’s land, the owner, occupier, or anyone with an interest in the land can be fined up to ₹1,000 if they knowingly fail to notify the police or do not use lawful means to prevent, disperse, or suppress it.	154	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS. Words “Liability of” and “or riot” are added in the heading.
193 (2)	Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed.	If a riot occurs for the benefit of a person owning, occupying, or claiming interest in the land or dispute, that person can be fined if they or their agents, knowing the likelihood of the riot, fail to use lawful means to prevent, disperse, or suppress it.	155	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
193 (3)	Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed.	If a riot occurs for the benefit of a landowner, occupier, or person with interest, their agent or manager can be fined if, knowing the riot or unlawful assembly was likely, they fail to use all lawful means to prevent, disperse, or suppress it.	156	Ditto.
194 (1)	Affray- defined.	Affray occurs when two or more people fight in a public place, disturbing public peace.	159	IPC section is included as a subsection in BNS.
194 (2)	Punishment for Affray.	Whoever commits an affray shall be punished with up to one month’s imprisonment, or a fine up to ₹1,000, or both.	160	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Upper limit of fine is increased from one hundred to one thousand rupees.
195 (1)	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.	Whoever assaults, obstructs, or uses criminal force on a public servant while they are dispersing an unlawful assembly or suppressing a riot or affray shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine of at least ₹25,000, or both.	152	The Section 152 in the IPC regarding 'assaulting or obstructing public servants when suppressing riots, etc.' has been divided into two parts and included in Section 195 of the new law (BNS): one for the offence of assaulted in the section of public servants and the other for threatening to assault or attempt to obstruct, having different punishments and fines. The minimum threshold for a fine is twenty-five thousand rupees, and ‘or uses criminal force on any public servant' is added.
195 (2)	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.	Whoever threatens or attempts to assault or obstruct a public servant while they are dispersing an unlawful assembly or suppressing a riot or affray shall be punished with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	152	In cases where the offender threatens to assault or attempts to obstruct a public servant or threatens or attempts to use criminal force on a public servant in the described situations, the punishment includes imprisonment of a term that may extend to one year. A fine may also be imposed under this sub-section. This is a rare case of a reduction in punishment.
196	Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.	Whoever promotes enmity or disharmony between different groups on grounds of religion, race, language, caste, etc., or commits acts disturbing public harmony, shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both. If such acts occur in a place of worship or during religious ceremonies, punishment may extend to five years’ imprisonment along with a fine.	153A	The word “or through electronic communication” is added as one of the modes of spreading disharmony, etc.
197	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.	Whoever makes imputations, assertions, or publishes false or misleading statements prejudicial to national integration, sovereignty, or citizens’ rights shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both. If committed in a place of worship or during religious ceremonies, punishment may extend to five years’ imprisonment along with a fine.	153B	Words “or through electronic communication” as the mode of spreading specified activities are added.
197 (1)d	Makes or publishes false or misleading information, jeopardising the sovereignty, unity and integrity or security of India.	Publishing false or misleading information that threatens India’s sovereignty, unity, integrity, or security.	New	New Clause 197(1)(d) “makes or publishes false or misleading information, jeopardising the sovereignty, unity and integrity or security of India”.
198	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.	A public servant who knowingly disobeys legal duties intending or likely to cause harm to any person shall face imprisonment up to one year, fine, or both.	166	No change.
199	Public servant disobeying direction under law.	A public servant who knowingly disobeys legal directions regarding attendance, investigation procedures, or fails to record certain information under the law shall face rigorous imprisonment of 6 months to 2 years, and a fine.	166A	No change.
200	Punishment for non-treatment of victim.	Anyone in charge of a hospital who fails to provide treatment as required under section 397 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, shall be punished with imprisonment up to one year, or with fine, or with both.	166B	No change.
201	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.	A public servant who knowingly prepares or translates a document or electronic record incorrectly, intending or likely to cause injury to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or with fine, or with both.	167	No change.
202	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.	A public servant who, despite being legally prohibited, engages in trade shall be punished with imprisonment up to one year, or with fine, or both, or may be required to perform community service.	168	New punishment of "community service" is added.
203	Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.	A public servant who, despite being legally prohibited, purchases or bids for certain property, directly or indirectly, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or with fine, or both; and the property, if purchased, will be confiscated.	169	No change.
204	Personating a public servant.	A person who falsely pretends to be a public servant or impersonates one and acts under that assumed authority shall be punished with imprisonment of 6 months to 3 years and a fine.	170	Mandatory minimum imprisonment is introduced as six months and upper limit is increased from two years to three years.
205	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.	A person who, without being a public servant, wears garb or carries a token resembling that of a public servant to deceive others shall be punished with up to three months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	171	Upper limit of fine is increased from rupees two hundred to five thousand.
206	Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.	Whoever absconds to avoid service of a summons, notice, or order shall face up to one month’s imprisonment or fine up to ₹5,000, or both; if required to appear in person or produce a document/e-record, the punishment may extend to six months’ imprisonment or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	172	The upper limit of the fine is increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees and one thousand to ten thousand rupees; 'Court of justice' is replaced by 'Court' etc.
207	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.	Whoever intentionally prevents service, affixing, removal, or publication of a summons, notice, order, or proclamation shall be punished with up to one month’s imprisonment or fine up to ₹5,000, or both; if required to appear in person or produce a document/e-record, the punishment may extend to six months’ imprisonment or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	173	Ditto.
208	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.	Whoever, being legally bound to attend in obedience to a summons, notice, order, or proclamation, intentionally fails to attend or leaves early shall be punished with up to one month’s imprisonment or fine up to ₹5,000, or both; if required to appear in Court, punishment may extend to six months’ imprisonment or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	174	Ditto.
209	Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023.	Whoever fails to appear as required by a proclamation under section 84 shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, fine, or community service; if declared a proclaimed offender, punishment may extend to seven years’ imprisonment with fine.	174A	New punishment of "as with community service” is added in regard to proclamation under section 84(1)BNSS [82(1) CrPC].
210	Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person, legally bound to produce it.	Whoever intentionally omits to produce a document or electronic record when legally bound shall be punished with up to one month’s imprisonment or fine, and up to six months’ imprisonment or higher fine if it is to be produced in Court.	175	The upper limit of the fine has been increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees and from one thousand to ten thousand rupees. “or if” is replaced by “where” 'Court of Justice' is replaced by 'Court'.
211	Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.	Whoever, being legally bound, intentionally omits to give notice or information to a public servant shall be punished with up to one month’s imprisonment or fine, up to six months if related to an offence or offender, and up to six months or fine if required under section 394 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.	176	Upper limit of fine are increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees and one thousand to ten thousand rupees.
212	Furnishing false information.	Whoever, being legally bound to provide information to a public servant, knowingly furnishes false information shall be punished with up to six months’ imprisonment or fine, or with up to two years’ imprisonment or fine if the information relates to an offence or preventing an offence.	177	The upper limit of the fine has been increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees. “Bound under clause 5, section VII, Regulation III, 1821,of the Bengal Code” is replaced by “legally bound” in the illustration (b).
213	Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.	Whoever refuses to take an oath or affirmation when lawfully required by a public servant shall be punished with up to six months’ imprisonment, or fine up to five thousand rupees, or both.	178	Upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
214	Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.	Whoever, legally bound to answer, refuses to respond to a question from a public servant acting under lawful authority shall be punished with up to six months’ imprisonment, or fine up to five thousand rupees, or both.	179	Ditto.
215	Refusing to sign statement.	Refusing to sign a statement when lawfully required by a public servant can lead to up to three months’ imprisonment, or a fine up to three thousand rupees, or both.	180	Upper limit of fine is increased from five hundred to three thousand rupees.
216	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.	Making a false statement under oath or affirmation to a public servant or authorized person can lead to up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.	181	No change.
217	False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person.	Providing false information to a public servant to make them misuse their lawful power against someone can lead to up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	182	The upper limit of imprisonment increased from six months to one year, and the fine increased from one thousand to ten thousand rupees.
218	Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant.	Resisting a public servant lawfully taking property, knowing them to be a public servant, can lead to up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	183	Upper limit of fine has been increased from one thousand to ten thousand rupees.
219	Obstructing sale of property offered by authority of public servant for sale.	Obstructing a property sale conducted by a public servant can result in up to one month’s imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	184	Upper limit of fine has been increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees.
220	Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.	Illegal purchase or bidding for property by a person legally incapacitated can lead to up to one month’s imprisonment, a fine up to ₹200, or both.	185	No change.
221	Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.	Obstructing a public servant in performing official duties can lead to up to three months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹2,500, or both.	186	Upper limit of fine is increased from five hundred to two thousand and five hundred rupees.
222	Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.	Omitting to assist a public servant when legally required can lead to up to one month’s imprisonment or ₹2,500 fine, and up to six months’ imprisonment or ₹5,000 fine if the assistance is demanded for executing court processes, preventing offences, or controlling riots/affrays.	187	Section is reorganised in the form of clauses (a) and (b) without changing the essence, and the upper limit of the fine is increased from two hundred to two thousand and five hundred rupees and five hundred to five thousand rupees.
223	Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.	Disobeying a lawful order from a public servant can lead to up to six months’ imprisonment or ₹2,500 fine if it causes obstruction or annoyance, and up to one year’s imprisonment or ₹5,000 fine if it endangers life, health, safety, or causes a riot/affray.	188	The section is reorganised in the form of clauses (a) and (b). In clause (a), the upper limit of imprisonment is increased from one month to six months, and the fine is increased from two hundred to two thousand and five hundred rupees. In clause (b), the limit of imprisonment is increased from six months to one year, and the fine from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees.
224	Threat of injury to public servant.	Threatening a public servant (or someone the public servant is believed to be interested in) to induce them to act or refrain from acting in their official duties is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	189	No change.
225	Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection.	Threatening someone to stop them from seeking legal protection for a public servant is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, or fine, or both.	190	No change.
226	Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain from applying or restrain of lawful power.	Attempting suicide to compel or stop a public servant from performing official duties is an offence. Punishment: simple imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both, or community service.	new	“Whoever attempts to commit suicide with the intent to compel or restrain any public servant from discharging his official duty shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both, or with community service”.
227	Giving false evidence.	Giving false evidence means making a statement, verbally or otherwise, which is false, while being legally bound to tell the truth or make a declaration, knowing it to be false or not believing it to be true. It includes falsely stating what one believes or knows.	191	No change.
228	Fabricating false evidence.	Fabricating false evidence means creating a false circumstance, entry, or document (including electronic records) with the intent that it be used as evidence in a judicial or legal proceeding, so that it may mislead anyone forming an opinion on a material point in that proceeding.	192	No change.
229	Punishment for false evidence.	Intentionally giving or fabricating false evidence in a judicial proceeding can lead to imprisonment up to seven years and a fine up to ₹10,000. For false evidence in other cases, imprisonment may extend to three years with a fine up to ₹5,000. Investigations under law or Court authority are considered stages of judicial proceedings.	193	Fine is defined in sub-section (1) as up to ten thousand rupees and in sub-section (2) as up to five thousand rupees.
230	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.	Giving or fabricating false evidence to cause conviction for a capital offence can lead to life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, with a fine up to ₹50,000. If an innocent person is executed as a result, the offender may face the death penalty or the above punishment.	194	Fine defined in this section as up to fifty thousand rupees.
231	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.	Giving or fabricating false evidence to cause conviction for an offence punishable with life imprisonment or imprisonment of seven years or more is punishable with the same punishment as would apply if the person were actually convicted of that offence.	195	No change.
232	Threatening any person to give false evidence.	Threatening someone to give false evidence is punishable with imprisonment up to seven years, or fine, or both. If an innocent person is convicted and sentenced to death or more than seven years’ imprisonment because of such false evidence, the threatener receives the same punishment.	195A	Reorganized in form of sub-section (1) and (2) without changing a word.
233	Using evidence known to be false.	Using evidence known to be false is punishable in the same way as giving or fabricating false evidence.	196	No change.
234	Issuing or signing false certificate.	Issuing or signing a certificate known to be false is punishable in the same manner as giving false evidence.	197	No change.
235	Using as true a certificate known to be false.	Using a certificate known to be false as genuine is punishable in the same way as giving false evidence.	198	No change.
236	False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.	Making a false statement in a legally receivable declaration is punishable in the same way as giving false evidence.	199	Words “Court of Justice” is replaced by “Court”.
237	Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.	Using a declaration known to be false as true is punishable in the same manner as giving false evidence.	200	“this section” is used instead of "200" (section) in the explanation of IPC u/s 200 IPC.
238	Causing disappearance of evidence ,or giving false information to screen offender.	Whoever destroys evidence or gives false information to protect an offender shall be punished according to the severity of the original offence: up to 7 years for death‑punishable offences, up to 3 years for life imprisonment offences, or up to one-fourth of the original term for lesser offences, and may also be fined.	201	Clauses named as (a), (b), (c) sans heading.
239	Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.	Whoever, knowing an offence has occurred, intentionally fails to provide information he is legally bound to give, shall be punished with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	202	Fine defined in this section is five thousand rupees, whereas in IPC fine is not defined.
240	Giving false information respecting an offence committed.	Whoever, knowing an offence has been committed, provides information about it that he knows or believes to be false, shall be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	203	No change.
241	Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.	Whoever hides, destroys, or makes any document or electronic record illegible to prevent it from being produced as evidence before a Court or public servant shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	204	The upper limit is imprisonment from two years to three years, and the fine is defined as up to five thousand rupees.
242	False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.	Whoever falsely personates another to make any statement, confession, or act in a suit or criminal prosecution shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or fine, or both.	205	No change.
243	Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.	Whoever fraudulently removes, conceals, or transfers property to prevent its seizure under a court order or civil decree shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or fine up to five thousand rupees, or both.	206	The upper limit of imprisonment increased from two years to three years, and the fine is defined as up to five thousand rupees. “Court of Justice” is replaced by “Court”.
244	Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.	Whoever fraudulently claims or receives property without a rightful claim to prevent its seizure under a court order or civil decree shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or fine, or both.	207	“Court of Justice” is replaced by “Court”.
245	Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.	Whoever fraudulently allows a decree or order to be passed or executed against him for a sum not due, an excessive sum, or property not entitled, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or fine, or both.	208	No change.
246	Dishonestly making false claim in Court.	Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly makes a false claim in Court, intending to injure or annoy any person, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years and shall also be liable to fine.	209	“'Court of Justice” is replaced by 'Court'.
247	Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.	Whoever fraudulently obtains or enforces a decree or order for a sum or property not due, or allows such act in his name, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or with fine, or with both.	210	IPC section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) in BNS.
248	False charge of offence made with intent to injure.	Whoever falsely charges a person with an offence intending to cause injury shall be punished with imprisonment up to five years or fine up to ₹2 lakh, or both; if the false charge concerns an offence punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment of ten years or more, the punishment may extend to ten years with fine.	211	The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from two years to five years and from seven years to ten years, and the fine is defined as up to two lakh rupees.
249	Harbouring offender.	Whoever harbours or conceals a person known or believed to be an offender, intending to shield them from legal punishment, shall be punished: (a) up to 5 years imprisonment and fine if the offence is punishable with death; (b) up to 3 years imprisonment and fine if punishable with life or up to 10 years; (c) up to one-fourth of the maximum term of imprisonment for offences punishable up to 1–10 years, or with fine, or both. Spouses are exempt.	212	Section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c) and sub-headings are dropped. 'husband or wife' is replaced by 'spouse'.
250	Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.	Whoever accepts or seeks any gratification or property to conceal an offence or shield a person from punishment shall be punished: (a) up to 7 years and fine if the offence is punishable with death; (b) up to 3 years and fine if punishable with life or up to 10 years; (c) up to one-fourth of the maximum term or fine if punishable with less than 10 years.	213	Formal change but essence is same. Section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c) and sub-headings are dropped.
251	Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.	Whoever gives or offers any gratification or restores property to induce a person to conceal an offence or shield someone from punishment shall be punished: (a) up to 7 years and fine if the offence is punishable with death; (b) up to 3 years and fine if punishable with life or up to 10 years; (c) up to one-fourth of the maximum term or fine if punishable with less than 10 years.	214	Ditto.
252	Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.	Whoever takes or agrees to take any gratification for helping recover stolen property, but fails to use all means to apprehend and convict the offender, shall be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	215	No change.
253	Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.	Whoever knowingly harbours or conceals a person who has escaped from lawful custody or is ordered to be apprehended shall be punished as follows: up to seven years’ imprisonment and fine if the offence is punishable with death; up to three years’ imprisonment if punishable with life or ten years; or up to one-fourth of the maximum term if the offence is punishable with up to ten years, with or without fine. Spouses are exempt.	216	Section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c) and sub-headings are dropped. “husband or wife” is replaced by “spouse”.
254	Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.	Whoever knowingly harbours or conceals persons about to commit or who have committed robbery or dacoity, intending to aid or screen them, shall be punished with up to seven years’ rigorous imprisonment and fine. Spouses are exempt.	216A	Formal changes but essence is same- “husband or wife” is replaced by “spouse”.
255	Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.	A public servant who knowingly disobeys legal directions intending to save a person from punishment or property from forfeiture shall be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	217	No change.
256	Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.	A public servant who knowingly prepares an incorrect record or writing to save a person from punishment or protect property from forfeiture shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	218	No change.
257	Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc. contrary to law.	A public servant who corruptly or maliciously issues a report, order, verdict, or decision in a judicial proceeding knowing it to be contrary to law shall face up to seven years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	219	No change.
258	Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.	A person in authority who, knowing he is acting contrary to law, corruptly or maliciously commits someone for trial or confinement, or unlawfully keeps them confined, shall be punished with up to seven years’ imprisonment, fine, or both.	220	No change.
259	Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.	A public servant who intentionally omits to apprehend, allows escape, or aids escape of a person they are legally bound to apprehend shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years, three years, or two years, depending on the severity of the offence, with or without fine.	221	Section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c).
260	Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.	A public servant who intentionally fails to apprehend, allows escape, or aids escape of a person under sentence or lawfully committed shall be punished with life imprisonment or up to 14, 7, or 3 years, depending on the sentence of the person, with or without fine.	222	Ditto.
261	Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.	A public servant who negligently allows a person in lawful custody or confinement to escape shall be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	223	No change.
262	Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.	Whoever resists, obstructs, or attempts to escape lawful apprehension or custody shall be punished with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both, in addition to the punishment for the original offence.	224	No change.
263	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.	Whoever resists or obstructs the lawful apprehension of another, or rescues/attempts to rescue such person, shall be punished with imprisonment up to life, or for a term of 2–10 years depending on the severity of the original offence, and shall also be liable to fine.	225	Section is reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c).
264	Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.	A public servant who, in cases not otherwise covered by law, intentionally omits to apprehend or allows a person to escape shall face up to 3 years’ imprisonment or fine; if done negligently, punishment may extend to 2 years’ simple imprisonment or fine.	225A	No change.
265	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.	In cases not otherwise provided for by law, whoever intentionally resists lawful apprehension, escapes from custody, or rescues/attempts to rescue another from lawful detention shall be punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	225B	No change.
266	Violation of condition of remission of punishment.	Whoever knowingly violates any condition of a conditional remission of punishment shall be punished with the remaining portion of the original sentence, or the full sentence if none has yet been served.	227	No change.
267	Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.	Whoever intentionally insults or interrupts a public servant during any stage of a judicial proceeding shall be punished with up to six months’ simple imprisonment, or a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	228	Upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
268	Personation of assessor.	Whoever knowingly personates or unlawfully serves as an assessor shall be punished with imprisonment for up to two years, or with fine, or with both.	229	In heading “Personation of assessor” is used in place of “juror or assessor” and word "juryman" is excluded.
269	Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court.	Whoever, after being released on bail or bond, fails without sufficient cause to appear in Court as required, shall be punished with imprisonment for up to one year, or with fine, or with both, in addition to any punishment for the original offence and subject to bond forfeiture.	229A	No change.
270	Public nuisance.	A person commits a public nuisance if they act or omit something illegally that causes common injury, danger, or annoyance to the public or those using public rights, and it is not excused merely because it brings some convenience or advantage.	268	Two paragraphs were merged together with the help of the coordinating conjunction “but”.
271	Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.	Whoever unlawfully or negligently performs an act likely to spread a life-threatening disease, knowing or having reason to believe it may do so, shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine, or both.	269	No change.
272	Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.	Whoever malignantly performs an act likely to spread a life-threatening disease, knowing or having reason to believe it may do so, shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years, or fine, or both.	270	No change.
273	Disobedience to quarantine rule.	Whoever knowingly disobeys any government quarantine rule for transport or regulating movement from infected places shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine, or both.	271	Word "vessel" is replaced by the phrase “mode of transport etc.”
274	Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.	Whoever adulterates food or drink intending or knowing it will be sold as such shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	272	Upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
275	Sale of noxious food or drink.	Whoever sells or offers for sale food or drink knowing it to be noxious or unfit shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	273	Upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
276	Adulteration of drugs.	Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation intending it to be sold or used as if unadulterated shall be punished with imprisonment up to one year, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	274	Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from six months to one years and fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
277	Sale of adulterated drugs.	Whoever sells or supplies an adulterated drug or medical preparation as if it were unadulterated shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	275	Upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
278	Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.	Whoever knowingly sells or supplies a drug or medical preparation as a different drug or preparation shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	276	The upper limit of fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
279	Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.	Whoever voluntarily fouls the water of any public spring or reservoir, making it less fit for use, shall be punished with imprisonment up to six months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	277	The upper limit of the imprisonment is increased from three months to six months and fine is increased from five hundred to five thousand rupees.
280	Making atmosphere noxious to health.	Whoever voluntarily makes the atmosphere noxious to public health shall be punished with a fine up to ₹1,000.	278	The upper limit of the fine is increased from five hundred to one thousand rupees.
281	Rash driving or riding on a public way.	Rash or negligent driving or riding on a public way, endangering life or likely to cause injury, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹1,000, or both.	279	No change.
282	Rash navigation of vessel.	Rash or negligent navigation of a vessel, endangering life or likely to cause injury, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹10,000, or both.	280	The upper limit of the fine has been increased from one thousand to ten thousand rupees. .
283	Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.	Exhibiting a false light, mark, or buoy to mislead navigators is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine of at least ₹10,000.	281	Fine is added as punishment in addition to imprisonment rupees ten thousand is fixed as lower limit of fine. Word “and” has replaced “or”.
284	Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.	Carrying a person for hire in an unsafe or overloaded vessel is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, or a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	282	The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
285	Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.	Causing danger, obstruction, or injury in a public way or navigational line, by action or negligence, is punishable with a fine up to ₹5,000.	283	The upper limit of the fine is increased from two hundred to five thousand rupees.
286	Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.	Negligent or rash handling of poisonous substances, or failing to secure them properly, endangering human life, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	284	The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
287	Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.	Rash or negligent use of fire or combustible materials, or failing to secure them properly, endangering human life, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹2,000, or both.	285	The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to two thousand rupees.
288	Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.	Rash or negligent handling of explosives, or failing to secure them properly, endangering human life, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	286	The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
289	Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.	Careless or rash use of machinery, or failure to secure it properly, which endangers human life, is punishable with up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	287	Upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
290	Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.	Anyone who, while demolishing, repairing, or constructing a building, knowingly or negligently fails to take necessary safety measures—causing probable danger to human life—is punishable with up to 6 months’ imprisonment, or ₹5,000 fine, or both.	288	BNS added "or constructing”. The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees. “measures” replaces “order”.
291	Negligent conduct with respect to animal.	Anyone who knowingly or negligently fails to control or manage an animal in their possession, causing probable danger to human life or risk of grievous hurt, can be punished with up to 6 months’ imprisonment, or ₹5,000 fine, or both.	289	Word “measure” replaces “order” The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
292	Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.	If someone causes a public nuisance and there is no specific punishment provided elsewhere, they can be fined up to ₹1,000.	290	The upper limit of the fine is increased from two hundred to one thousand rupees.
293	Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.	If a person continues or repeats a public nuisance even after a lawful order to stop, they can face up to 6 months’ simple imprisonment or a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	291	Fine is defined as up to five thousand rupees.
294	Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.	Anyone who sells, distributes, displays, produces, advertises, or deals in obscene material can face up to 2 years’ imprisonment and ₹5,000 fine (first offence) and up to 5 years and ₹10,000 fine (repeat offence), except when the material is for public good, art, science, literature, learning, or genuine religious purposes.	292	The fine is increased from two thousand to five thousand rupees and from five thousand to ten thousand rupees on subsequent conviction. “including display of any content in electronic form'” is added. “in whatever manner” is also added.
295	Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person.	Anyone who sells, distributes, shows, or circulates obscene material to a child can be punished with up to 3 years’ imprisonment and ₹2,000 fine (first time), and up to 7 years’ imprisonment and ₹5,000 fine (repeat offence).	293	“person under the age of twenty years” is replaced by “child”, thereby curtailing the scope of this provision.
296	Obscene acts and songs.	Anyone who does an obscene act in a public place or sings/speaks obscene words near a public place, causing annoyance to others, can be punished with up to 3 months’ imprisonment or ₹1,000 fine, or both.	294	Fine is defined as up to one thousand rupees.
297	Keeping lottery office.	Running or keeping a place for any unauthorized lottery can lead to up to 6 months’ imprisonment or fine. Publishing proposals or advertisements related to such lotteries is punishable with a fine up to ₹5,000.	294A	The upper limit of the fine is increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
298	Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class.	Damaging, defiling, or destroying a place of worship or sacred object to insult a religion can lead to up to 2 years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	295	No change.
299	Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class, by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.	Deliberately insulting or outraging the religious feelings of any class, by words, signs, representations, or electronic means, can lead to up to 3 years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	295A	Words “or through electronic means” are added.
300	Disturbing religious assembly.	Disturbing any lawful religious assembly or worship can lead to up to 1 year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	296	No change.
301	Trespassing on burial places, etc.	Trespassing on burial places or funeral sites, or insulting religion or human remains, can lead to up to 1 year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	297	No change.
302	Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person.	Deliberately uttering words, gestures, or showing objects to wound religious feelings can lead to up to 1 year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	298	No change.
303 (1)	Theft.	Theft occurs when a person dishonestly takes any movable property from another without consent, causing it to move. Consent can be express or implied, and animals or objects moved indirectly are included.	378	IPC section is included as sub section. “Definition” is replaced by “Section” in explanation 5.
303 (2)	Punishment for theft.	First-time offenders face up to 3 years imprisonment or fine, but if the stolen property’s value is under ₹5,000, they may be sentenced to community service upon returning or restoring it. Repeat offenders face rigorous imprisonment of 1–5 years along with fine.	379	Punishment for subsequent convictions is added.
304	Snatching.	Theft is classified as snatching when a person suddenly, quickly, or forcibly seizes movable property from someone. The punishment is imprisonment up to 3 years and a fine.	-	New addition.
305	Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.	Whoever commits theft in a dwelling, transport vehicle, place of worship (including idols), or of government/local authority property shall be punished with imprisonment up to 7 years and a fine.	380	The definition enlarged "means of transportation or place of worship,' is added in the heading is reframed containing various sub-sections wherein sub-sections (b), (c), (d), (e) are new additions.
306	Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.	A clerk or servant who steals property in the possession of their master or employer shall be punished with imprisonment up to 7 years and a fine.	381	No change.
307	Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.	Whoever commits theft after planning to cause death, hurt, restraint, or fear to anyone to commit the theft, escape, or retain stolen property shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years and a fine.	382	No change.
308 (1)	Extortion.	Whoever intentionally puts a person in fear of injury and thereby dishonestly induces them to deliver property, valuable security, or anything convertible into valuable security, commits extortion.	383	Clause (e) is newly added in the illustrations.
308 (2)	Extortion punishment.	Whoever commits extortion shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for up to seven years, or with fine, or with both.	384	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. The upper limit of the imprisonment is increased from three years to seven years.
308 (3)	Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion.	Whoever, to commit or attempt extortion, puts any person in fear of injury shall be punished with imprisonment of up to two years, or with fine, or with both.	385	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other change.
308 (4)	Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion.	Whoever, to commit extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of death or grievous hurt shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.	387	Ditto.
308 (5)	Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt.	Whoever commits extortion by causing fear of death or grievous hurt shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.	386	Ditto.
308 (6)	Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc.	Whoever, to commit extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of a serious accusation punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment up to ten years, shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and also liable to fine.	388	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Words “and, if the offence by punishable under section 377 of this Code, may be punished with imprisonment for life” are removed as the section 377 IPC has been excluded altogether.
308 (7)	Putting person in fear or accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion.	Whoever commits extortion by causing fear of an accusation of a serious offence punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment up to ten years, or by inducing someone to commit such an offence, shall be punished with imprisonment up to ten years and also liable to fine.	389	Ditto.
309 (1), (2), (3)	Robbery- When theft is robbery When extortion is robbery.	Robbery occurs when theft or extortion is committed with instant threat or actual infliction of death, hurt, or wrongful restraint on a person, causing them to deliver the property.	390	Formal changes reorganized in form of clauses (1), (2), and (3) and sub-heading is dropped.
309 (4)	Robbery- Punishment for robbery.	Robbery is punishable with rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years and fine; if committed on a highway at night, imprisonment may extend up to 14 years.	392	IPC Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other change.
309 (5)	Robbery- Attempt to commit robbery.	Attempted robbery is punishable with rigorous imprisonment up to seven years and a fine.	393	Ditto.
309 (6)	Robbery- Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery.	If a person causes hurt while committing or attempting robbery, they and any accomplices can face life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, along with a fine.	394	Ditto.
310 (1)	Dacoity definition.	Dacoity occurs when five or more people together commit or attempt a robbery, or when the total of those committing/attempting and those present aiding amounts to five or more.	391	Ditto.
310 (2)	Dacoity punishment .	Whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, and shall also be liable to a fine.	395	Ditto.
310 (3)	Dacoity with murder.	Whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, and shall also be liable to a fine.	396	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. Minimum mandatory punishment of imprisonment is "shall not be less than ten years".
310 (4)	Making preparation to commit dacoity.	Whoever prepares to commit dacoity shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	399	IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other change.
310 (5)	Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity.	Anyone who is one of five or more persons assembled to commit dacoity shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment up to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.	402	The IPC section is included as sub-section in BNS, sans heading. Words “at any time after the passing of this Act, shall” is removed.
310 (6)	Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits.	Anyone belonging to a gang formed for the habitual commission of dacoity shall be punished with life imprisonment, or rigorous imprisonment up to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.	400	Ditto.
311	Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.	If, during robbery or dacoity, the offender uses a deadly weapon or causes/attempts to cause death or grievous hurt, the punishment shall be a minimum of 7 years’ imprisonment.	397	No change.
312	Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.	If a person attempts to commit robbery or dacoity while armed with a deadly weapon, the punishment shall be not less than 7 years of imprisonment.	398	No change.
313	Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc.	Anyone who is part of a gang habitually involved in theft or robbery (but not dacoity) can be punished with rigorous imprisonment up to 7 years, along with a fine.	401	The word 'thieves' is replaced by “robbers” in the heading. The words “at any time after the passing of this Act, shall” “at wandering or other”and “for the purpose of” are excluded.
314	Dishonest misappropriation of property.	Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or uses any movable property for himself can be punished with imprisonment from 6 months to 2 years, and with fine. Even temporary misappropriation counts. A finder of lost property is not guilty unless he keeps it for himself despite knowing, or having the means to find out, the real owner or without taking reasonable steps to return it	403	Minimum mandatory imprisonment of six months and with fine added.
315	Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death.	Dishonestly taking or using property that belonged to someone at the time of their death—before it reaches the lawful heir—is punishable with up to 3 years’ imprisonment and fine. If the offender was the deceased’s clerk or servant, the punishment can go up to 7 years.	404	No change.
316 (1)	Criminal breach of trust.	Criminal breach of trust happens when a person who is entrusted with property dishonestly misuses, misappropriates, or disposes of it against legal directions or agreements. Employers who deduct PF or ESI contributions from employees’ wages and fail to deposit them are also treated as having dishonestly misused entrusted funds.	405	Definition presented in BNS as a sub-section.
316 (2)	Punishment for criminal breach of trust.	Whoever commits criminal breach of trust can be punished with imprisonment up to five years, or with fine, or both.	406	IPC Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading. The upper limit of the imprisonment is increased from three years to five years.
316 (3)	Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.	If a carrier, wharfinger, or warehouse-keeper entrusted with property commits criminal breach of trust, they may be punished with imprisonment up to seven years, and a fine.	407	Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
316 (4)	Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant.	If a clerk or servant, entrusted with property in that capacity, commits criminal breach of trust, they may be punished with imprisonment up to seven years, and a fine.	408	Ditto.
316 (5)	Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent.	Whoever is entrusted with property as a public servant or in the course of business as a banker, merchant, broker, attorney, agent, etc., and commits criminal breach of trust, can be punished with imprisonment for life or up to 10 years, plus fine.	409	Ditto.
317 (1)	Stolen property.	Stolen property means any property obtained through theft, extortion, robbery, cheating, criminal misappropriation, or criminal breach of trust, whether the act happened in India or abroad. However, if the property later comes into the hands of someone legally entitled to possess it, it stops being stolen property.	410	Word “cheating” is added.
317 (2)	Dishonestly receiving stolen property.	Whoever dishonestly receives or keeps stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe it is stolen, shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	411	IPC Section is included as sub-section in BNS sans heading.
317 (3)	Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity.	Whoever dishonestly receives stolen property obtained by dacoity or from a person belonging to a gang of dacoits, knowing it to be stolen, shall be punished with life imprisonment or up to ten years’ rigorous imprisonment, and fine.	412	Ditto.
317 (4)	Habitually dealing in stolen property.	Whoever habitually receives or deals in stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe it to be stolen, shall be punished with life imprisonment or up to ten years’ imprisonment, and fine.	413	Ditto.
317 (5)	Assisting in concealment of stolen property.	Whoever helps in concealing, disposing of, or getting rid of stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe it is stolen, shall be punished with up to three years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	414	Ditto.
318 (1)	Cheating.	Whoever fraudulently deceives a person to deliver property, let someone retain it, or to act/omit something causing or likely to cause harm, commits cheating; hiding facts dishonestly also counts as deception.	415	IPC section defining cheating is presented in BNS as a sub-section.
318 (2)	Cheating punishment.	Whoever commits cheating shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years, or with fine, or with both.	417	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from one year to three years.
318 (3)	Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect.	Whoever cheats knowing it may cause wrongful loss to a person whose interests they are legally bound to protect, shall be punished with imprisonment up to five years, or with fine, or with both.	418	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from three years to five years.
318 (4)	Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property.	Whoever cheats by dishonestly inducing a person to deliver property or alter/destroy a valuable security shall be punished with imprisonment up to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.	420	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
319 (1)	Cheating by personation.	Cheating by personation occurs when someone deceives by pretending to be another person, real or imaginary, or substitutes one person for another.	416	Formal change. This is a definition section which is presented as a sub-section in BNS without any change.
319 (2)	Cheating by personation punishment.	Cheating by personation is punishable with imprisonment up to five years, or with fine, or with both.	419	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from three years to five years.
320	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.	Dishonestly or fraudulently removing, concealing, or transferring property to prevent its lawful distribution among creditors is punishable with 6 months to 2 years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	421	Minimum mandatory punishment for imprisonment of six months has been introduced.
321	Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.	Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing a debt from being made available for creditors’ claims is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	422	No change.
322	Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.	Dishonestly or fraudulently executing a transfer deed with false statements of consideration or beneficiaries is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	423	Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from two years to three years.
323	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.	Dishonest or fraudulent concealment, removal, or release of property or claims is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment, or fine, or both.	424	Ditto.
324 (1)	Mischief.	Mischief is committed when a person intentionally, or knowing it likely, causes wrongful loss or damage to property, affecting its value, utility, or condition, regardless of ownership.	425	No change.
324 (2)	Mischief punishment.	Punishment for mischief: Up to 6 months imprisonment, or fine, or both.	426	The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from three months to six months.
324 (3)	Mischief - causes loss or damage to any property including the property of Government or Local Authority.	Mischief causing damage to any property (including Government/Local Authority property) is punishable with up to 1 year imprisonment, or fine, or both.	New	This is a new addition.
324 (4)	Mischief causing damage to the amount of twenty thousand rupees and more but less than one lakh rupees.	Mischief causing damage between ₹20,000 and ₹1,00,000 is punishable with up to 2 years imprisonment, or fine, or both.	427	Newly added
324 (5)	Mischief- cause loss or damage to amount of one lakh rupees onwards.	Mischief causing damage of ₹1,00,000 or more is punishable with imprisonment up to 5 years, or fine, or both.	New	Value of damaged property amount threshold increased from fifty rupees to one lakh rupees. Punishment increased from two years to five years.
324 (6)	Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt.	Mischief committed after preparing to cause death, hurt, wrongful restraint, or fear thereof is punishable with imprisonment up to 5 years, and also with fine.	440	No change.
325	Mischief by killing or maiming animal.	Mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming, or rendering any animal useless is punishable with imprisonment up to 5 years, or fine, or both.	428/ 429	The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from two years to five years. Scope is expanded greatly by amending it to “any animal”.
326 (a)	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.	Whoever intentionally or knowingly causes damage that reduces the water supply needed for agriculture, drinking, animals, cleanliness, or manufacturing can be punished with up to 5 years' imprisonment, a fine, or both.	430	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
326 (b)	Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel.	Whoever intentionally or knowingly obstructs or makes any public road, bridge, or navigable river/channel unsafe or impassable can be punished with up to 5 years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	431	Words “whoever commits mischief” is excluded. Section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
326 (c)	Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage.	Whoever knowingly causes or is likely to cause flooding or blockage of public drainage resulting in injury or damage shall be punished with up to five years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	432	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
326 (d)	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.	Whoever destroys, moves, or diminishes the usefulness of any navigational sign or signal for rail, aircraft, or ships shall be punished with up to seven years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	433	words “light house or other light used as sea marks or any sea mark or buoy” are replaced by “any sign or signal used for navigation of rail, aircraft, or ship,” thus the scope is widened immensely.
326 (e)	Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority.	Whoever destroys, moves, or diminishes the usefulness of any official landmark shall be punished with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	434	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
326 (f)	Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.	Whoever uses fire or explosives intending or knowing it likely to cause damage to any property, including crops, shall be punished with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	435	Words "including agricultural produce" added.
326 (g)	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc.	Whoever uses fire or explosives intending or knowing it likely to destroy any building used as a place of worship, dwelling, or for storing property shall face life imprisonment or up to ten years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	436	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
327 (1)	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.	Whoever commits mischief intending or knowing it likely to destroy or make unsafe any rail, aircraft, decked vessel, or vessel of 20 tons or more shall be punished with up to ten years’ imprisonment and a fine.	437	Formal changes, but essence is same-“rail, aircraft" are added in the heading.
327 (2)	Punishment for above offence.	Whoever commits or attempts such mischief using fire or explosives shall be punished with life imprisonment, or up to ten years’ imprisonment, and shall also be liable to fine.	438	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
328	Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.	Anyone who intentionally runs a vessel aground or ashore to commit theft or misappropriate property can face up to ten years’ imprisonment and a fine.	439	No change.
329 (1)	Criminal trespass and house- trespass.	Criminal trespass occurs when a person enters or unlawfully remains on another’s property with intent to commit an offence, intimidate, insult, or annoy the lawful occupant.	441	IPC section is included as a sub-section.
329 (2)	Criminal trespass and house- trespass.	House-trespass is committing criminal trespass specifically in a dwelling, place of worship, or building used for property custody, where even partial entry of the trespasser’s body counts.	442	Ditto.
329 (3)	Criminal trespass punishment.	Criminal trespass is punishable with up to three months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	447	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. The fine increased from five hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
329 (4)	Punishment for house- trespass.	House-trespass is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	448	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. The upper limit of the fine has been increased from one thousand to five thousand rupees.
330 (1)	Lurking house trespass.	Lurking house-trespass occurs when a person commits house-trespass while taking steps to conceal their entry from someone entitled to exclude or eject them.	443	IPC section is included as a sub-section.
330 (2)	House breaking.	House-breaking occurs when a person commits house-trespass and enters or exits a house (or connected out-building) by force, secret passages, breaking locks, assault, or other means not intended by the occupier.	445	The IPC section is included as a sub-section in the BNS sans heading. Words “any of such six ways” are replaced with “in any of the following ways”.
331 (1)	Punishment for house- trespass or house-breaking.	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment along with a fine.	453	IPC section is included as a sub-section. “Lurking” is dropped from heading.
331 (2)	Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night.	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking committed at night (between sunset and sunrise) is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.	456	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. “by night' is replaced by after “sunset and before sunrise”.
331 (3)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking to commit a punishable offence carries up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine, but if the intended offence is theft, imprisonment may extend up to ten years.	454	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
331 (4)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.	Night-time (sunset to sunrise) lurking house-trespass or house-breaking to commit a punishable offence carries up to five years’ imprisonment and a fine, but if the intended offence is theft, imprisonment may extend up to fourteen years.	457	The words “by night” are replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise”.
331 (5)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking with preparation to cause hurt, assault, wrongful restraint, or intimidation is punishable with up to ten years’ imprisonment and a fine.	455	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
331 (6)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint.	Night-time lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, with preparation to cause hurt, assault, wrongful restraint, or intimidation, is punishable with up to fourteen years’ imprisonment and a fine.	458	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. “by night” is replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise”.
331 (7)	Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking.	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking that causes grievous hurt, or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt, is punishable with life imprisonment or up to ten years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	459	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
331 (8)	All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house- breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them.	If night-time lurking house-trespass or house-breaking involves voluntarily causing or attempting grievous hurt or death, all participants can face life imprisonment or up to ten years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	460	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. “by night” is replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise”.
332 (a)	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death.	House-trespass to commit an offence punishable with death carries life imprisonment or up to ten years’ rigorous imprisonment, along with a fine.	449	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
332 (b)	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life.	House-trespass to commit an offence punishable with life imprisonment is punishable with up to ten years’ imprisonment and a fine.	450	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
332 (c)	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.	House-trespass to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment carries up to two years’ imprisonment and a fine, but if the intended offence is theft, imprisonment may extend up to seven years.	451	IPC section is included as a sub-section sans heading.
333	House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.	House-trespass with prior preparation to cause hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	452	No change.
334 (1)	Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.	Dishonestly breaking or unfastening a closed receptacle containing property is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	461	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
334 (2)	Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody.	A person entrusted with a closed receptacle who dishonestly opens it without authority is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	462	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
335	Making a false document.	Making a false document or electronic record involves dishonestly creating, signing, altering, or causing another to sign or alter a document or electronic record with intent to deceive, including using fictitious, deceased, or unauthorized identities.	464	Heading changed and first, secondly, thirdly replaced with (A), (B), (C).
336 (1)	Forgery.	Forgery is committed when a person creates a false document or electronic record intending to cause harm, support a false claim, induce someone to part with property, enter into a contract, or commit fraud.	463	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS. No other change.
336 (2)	Forgery punishment.	Forgery is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	465	Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. No other Change.
336 (3)	Forgery for purpose of cheating.	Forgery intended for use in cheating is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	468	Ditto.
336 (4)	Forgery for purpose of harming reputation.	Forgery intended to harm a person’s reputation, or likely to be used for that purpose, is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.	469	Ditto.
337	Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.	Forgery of court records, government-issued identity documents, public registers, or documents made by public servants is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	466	“Court or an identity document issued by the government, including a voter identity card or Aadhaar card,” is added, and “baptism” is excluded.
338	Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.	Forgery of a valuable security, will, authority, or document related to money or property is punishable with life imprisonment or up to ten years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	467	No change.
339	Having possession of document described in Section 337 or Section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.	Possessing a forged document or electronic record with intent to use it as genuine is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine for standard documents, and up to life or seven years’ imprisonment with a fine for valuable securities or wills.	474	No change.
340 (1)	Forged document or electronic record. and using it as genuine.	A document or electronic record created wholly or partly by forgery is considered a forged document or electronic record.	470	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS. “using it as genuine” is added in the heading.
340 (2)	Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record.	Using a forged document or electronic record as genuine, knowing it to be forged, is punishable the same as committing the forgery itself.	471	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
341 (1)	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery, punishable under section 338.	Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, or instrument with intent to commit forgery under section 338 is punishable with life imprisonment or up to seven years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	472	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
341 (2)	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise.	Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, plate, or instrument to commit forgery under sections other than 338 is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	473	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
341 (3)	Possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit.	Possessing a seal, plate, or instrument known to be counterfeit is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.	New sub- section	“Whoever possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine”.
341 (4)	Fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit.	Using a seal, plate, or instrument as genuine while knowing it is counterfeit is punishable the same as making or counterfeiting it.	New sub- section	“Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument”.
342 (1)	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.	Counterfeiting or possessing a device or mark used to authenticate documents under section 338, with intent to give forged documents an appearance of authenticity, is punishable with life imprisonment or up to seven years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	475	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
342 (2)	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.	Counterfeiting or possessing a device or mark to authenticate documents or electronic records (other than those under section 338) with intent to make forged documents appear genuine is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	476	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
343	Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc. of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.	Fraudulently cancelling, destroying, defacing, or misappropriating a will, authority to adopt, or valuable security is punishable with life imprisonment or up to seven years’ imprisonment, along with a fine.	477	No change.
344	Falsification of accounts.	Falsifying or altering accounts, records, or valuable documents by a clerk, officer, or servant with intent to defraud is punishable with up to seven years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	477A	No change.
345 (1)	Property mark.	A property mark is a mark used to indicate that movable property belongs to a specific person.	479	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
345 (2)	Using a false property mark.	Using a mark on property or its container to falsely indicate ownership by someone else constitutes using a false property mark.	481	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
345 (3)	Punishment for using a false property mark.	Using a false property mark, with intent to defraud, is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	482	Ditto.
346	Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.	Tampering with a property mark to cause or likely cause injury is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	489	No change.
347 (1)	Counterfeiting a property mark.	Counterfeiting another person’s property mark is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	483	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
347 (2)	Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant.	Counterfeiting or misusing a property mark used by a public servant, with knowledge of its falsity, is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine.	484	IPC Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
348	Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.	Making or possessing any instrument to counterfeit a property mark, or possessing a mark to falsely denote ownership, is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	485	No change.
349	Selling goods marked with counterfeit property mark.	Selling or possessing goods with a counterfeit property mark, unless proven innocent, is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	486	No change.
350 (1)	Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.	Making a false mark on a goods container to mislead others about its contents or quality, with intent to defraud, is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	487	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS.
350 (2)	Punishment for making use of any such false mark.	Using a false mark as described in subsection (1), with intent to defraud, is punishable in the same manner as committing the offence itself.	488	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
351 (1)	Criminal intimidation.	Criminal intimidation occurs when a person threatens injury to another’s person, reputation, or property (or to someone they care about) to cause alarm or compel action or inaction they are not legally bound to.	503	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS. “by any means” is added.
351 (2)/ (3)	Criminal intimidation punishment.	Criminal intimidation is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both. If it involves threats of death, grievous hurt, serious offences, property destruction, or imputing unchastity to a woman, punishment may extend up to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine.	506	IPC Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
351 (4)	Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication.	Anonymous or concealed criminal intimidation is punishable with up to two years’ additional imprisonment, along with the punishment for the original offence.	507	Ditto.
352	Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace.	Intentionally insulting someone to provoke a breach of peace or another offence is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	504	Words “in any manner” are added.
353	Statements conducing to public mischief.	Making, publishing, or circulating false statements, rumours, or information that incite mutiny, public fear, offences, or communal hatred is punishable with up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine, or up to five years if done in a place of worship, unless done in good faith on reasonable grounds.	505	" false information” and “including through electronic means” are added.
354	Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure.	Inducing someone to act or refrain from acting by making them believe they will incur Divine displeasure is punishable with up to one year’s imprisonment, a fine, or both.	508	No change.
355	Misconduct in public by a drunken person.	A drunken person causing annoyance in a public place or unauthorized area can be punished with up to 24 hours’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹1,000, or both, or may be assigned community service.	510	Fine is increased from ten rupees to one thousand, or with community service is added.
356 (1)	Defamation.	Defamation occurs when someone, by words, signs, or representations, harms another’s reputation, including deceased persons, companies, or associations, unless the statement is true, made in good faith, concerns public servants, public questions, court proceedings, performances submitted to public judgment, lawful authority, or for the protection or public good.	499	IPC Section is included as a sub section.
356 (2)	Defamation punishment.	Defaming another person is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, both, or community service.	500	IPC section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading. “or with community service” is added as an alternate punishment.
356 (3)	Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory.	Printing or engraving material known or reasonably believed to be defamatory is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	501	IPC Section is included as a sub-section in BNS sans heading.
356 (4)	Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter.	Selling or offering for sale printed or engraved material known to be defamatory is punishable with up to two years’ imprisonment, a fine, or both.	502	Ditto.
357	Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.	Failing to fulfill a lawful contract to care for or supply the needs of a helpless person is punishable with up to three months’ imprisonment, a fine up to ₹5,000, or both.	491	Fine increased from two hundred rupees to five thousand rupees.
358	Repeal and Savings.	The Indian Penal Code (1860) is repealed, but the repeal does not affect prior actions, rights, liabilities, penalties, investigations, or proceedings under it, which may continue or be enforced as if the Code were still in force; all past actions are deemed to fall under corresponding provisions of the new Sanhita.	-	This section is a new addition. The Indian Penal Code, 1860, was enacted by the British Colonisers de novo; therefore, the Repeal and Savings Section was not required at all. Vide sub-section(1) and subsequent Government of India notifications, the IPC will be repealed on 1st July 2024. However, sub-sections (2) to (4) stipulate savings related to the repealed code.

Comparative Offence Matrix- IPC to BNS Conversion with Punishment- Compundability -Cognizability- Bailability- and Trial Jurisdiction

BNS Section	bns_subsection	offence_subject	Punishment	Cognizable_status	Bailable_status	Triable_by_Court	Compoundable_status	IPC_section_reference
1	(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)	Short title, commencement and application						1/2/3/4/5
2	(1)	Act						32/33
2	(2)	Animal						47
2	(3)	Child						New
2	(4)	Counterfeit						28
2	(5)	Court						20
2	(6)	Death						46
2	(7)	Dishonestly						24
2	(8)	Document						29
2	(9)	Fraudulently						25
2	(10)	Gender						8
2	(11)	Good faith						52
2	(12)	Government						17
2	(13)	Harbour						52-A
2	(14)	Injury						44
2	(15)	Illegal and legally bound to do						43
2	(16)	Judge						19
2	(17)	Life						45
2	(18)	Local Law						42
2	(19)	Man						10
2	(20)	Month and Year						49
2	(21)	Movable Property						22
2	(22)	Number						9
2	(23)	Oath						51
2	(24)	Offence						40
2	(25)	Omission						New
2	(26)	Person						11
2	(27)	Public						12
2	(28)	Public Servant						14/21
2	(29)	Reason to Believe						26
2	(30)	Special Law						41
2	(31)	valuable security						30
2	(32)	Vessel						48
2	(33)	Voluntarily						39
2	(34)	Will						31
2	(35)	Woman						New
2	(36)	Wrongful gain						23(1)
2	(37)	Wrongful loss						23(2)
2	(38)	Gaining wrongfully" and "losing wrongfully						23(3)
2	(39)	Words and expressions not defined						29-A
3	(1)	General explanations						6
3	(2), (3)	General explanations						7/27
3	(4)	General explanations						New
3	(5), (6), (7), (8), (9)	General explanations						34/35/36/37/38
4		Punishments						53
5		Commutation of sentence						54/55
5		Commutation of sentence						55-A
6		Fractions of terms of punishment						57
7		Sentence may be (in certain cases ofimprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or |simple						60
8	(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)(a), (6)(b), (7)	Amount of fine, liability in default ofpayment of fine, etc.						63/64/65
9		Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences						71
10		Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which						72
11		Solitary confinement						73
12		Limit of solitary confinement						74
13		Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction						75
14		Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law						76
15		Act of Judge when acting judicially						77
16		Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court						78
17		Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself, justified,by law						79
18		Accident in doing a lawful act						80
19		Act likely to cause harm, but done withoutcriminal intent, and to prevent other harm						81
20		Act of a child under seven years of age						82
21		Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding						83
22		Act of a person of unsound mind						84
23		Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will						85
24		Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated						86
25		Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by Consent						87
26		Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit						88
27		At done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian						89
28		Consent known to be given under fear or misconception						90
29		Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused						91
30		Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent						92
31		Communication made in good faith						93
32		Act to which a person is compelled by threats						94
33		Act causing slight harm						95
34		Things done in private defence						96
35		Right of private defence of body and of property						97
36		person of unsound mind, etc.						98
37		Acts against which there is no right of private defence						99
38		When right of private defence of body extends to causing death						100
39		When such right extends to causing any harm other than death						101
40		Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body						102
41		When right of private defence of property extends to causing death						103
42		When such right extends to causing any harm other than death						104
43		Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property						105
44		Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person						106
45		Abetment of a thing						107
46		Abettor						108
47		Abetment in India of offences outside India						108-A
48		Abetment outside India for offence in India						New
49		Abetment of any offence, if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment.		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		109
50		Abetment of any offence, if the person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non- bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		110
51		Abetment of any offence, when one act is abetted and a different act is done: subject to the proviso.		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		111
52		Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		112
53		Abetment of any offence, when an effect is caused by the act abetted abettor.		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		113
54		Abetment of any offence, if abettor present when offence is committed		According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		114
55		Abetment of an offence, punishable with death or imprisonment for life, if the offence be not committed in Consequence of the abetment.	Imprisonment for 7 year and fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		115
56		Abetment of an offence, punishable with death or imprisonment for life, if the offence be not committed in Consequence of the abetment .with imprisonment, if the offence be the abetment.	Imprisonment extending to one fourth of the longest term provided for the offence or fine or both	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		116
57		Abetting commission of an offence by the public or by more than ten persons.	Imprisonment Which may extend to 7 years and fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		117
58	(a)	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for lite, if the offence be committed.	Imprisonment for 7 year and fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		118
58	(b)	If offence be not committed.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable.
59	(a)	A Public servant concealing a design to commit an offence which it is his duty to prevent, if the offence be committed.	Imprisonment extending to one-half of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		119
59	(b)	If the offence be punishable with death or imprisonment for life	Imprisonment for 10 years.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable.
59	(c)	If the offence be not committed.	Imprisonment extending to one-fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.
60	(a)	Concealing a design to commit an offence punishable with imprisonment, if offence be Committed.	Imprisonment extending to one-fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable.	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.		120
60	(b)	If the offence be not committed.	Imprisonment extending to one-eighth part of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable.
61	(1), (2)	Criminal conspiracy						120-A/120-B
61	(2)(a)	Criminal conspiracy to commit an offence punishable with death imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment for a term of 2 years or upwards.,	Same as for abetment of the offence which is the object of the conspiracy.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable
61	(2)(b)	Any other criminal conspiracy.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class
62		Attempting to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment and in such attempt doing ant act towards the commission of the offence.	One-Half of the imprisonment for life, or imprisonment not exceeding one half of the longest term, provided for the offence or fine or both.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable		511
63		Rape						375
64	(1)	Rape	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		376(1)/(2)
64	(2)	Rape by a police officer or a public servant or member of armed forces management or on the staff of a jail, remand home or other place Custody or women's or children's institution or by a person on the management or on the staff of a hospital, and rape committed by a person in a position of trust or authority towards the person raped or by a near relative of the person raped.	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life which shall mean the remainder of that person's natural life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-Bailable	Court of Session
65	(1)	Persons committing offence of rape on a woman under sixteen years of Age.	Rigorous imprisonment| for not less than 20 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		376(3)
65	(2)	Persons committing offence of rape on a woman under sixteen years of Age.	Rigorous imprisonment. for not less than 20 years but which may extend to imprisonment or life which shal mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life and with fine or death.	Cognizable.	Non-Bailable.	Court of Session		376-AB
66		Person committing an offence of rape and inflicting injury which causes death or causes the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state.	Rigorous imprisonment. for not less than 20 years but which may extend to imprisonment or life which shal mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life and with fine or death.	Cognizable	Non-Bailable.	Court of Session		376-A
67		Sexual intercourse by husband| Imprisonment for not Cognizable (only on Bailable upon his wife during separation.	Imprisonment for not less than 2 years but which may extend to 7 year and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Court of Session		376-B
68		Sexual intercourse by a person in authority etc.	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 5 years but which may extend to 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		376-C
69		Sexual Intercourse by employing deceitful means etc.	Imprisonment which may extend to 10 years and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		New
70	(1)	Gang rape	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 20 years but which may extend to imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session		376-D
70	(2)	Gang rape on a woman Under eighteen years of age.	Imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life and with fine or with death	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session
71		Repeat offenders	Imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for remainder of that remainder of that person’s natural life or with death	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session		376-E
72	(1)	Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.	Imprisonment for 2 year and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		228-A(1)/(2)
73		Printing or publication of a proceeding without prior permission of Court.	Imprisonment for 2 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		228-A(3)
74		Assault or use of criminal force to Woman with intent to disrobe.	Imprisonment for 1 year.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		354
75	(2)	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment specified in clause (iv) of sub-section (1).	Rigorous imprisonment with 3 years, or fine, or both..	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		354-A
75	(3)	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment specified in clause (iv) of sub-section (1).	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine, on both	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
76		Assault or use of criminal force to Woman with intent to disrobe.	Imprisonment for not less 3 year but which may extend to 7 year and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		354-B
77		Voyeurism.	Imprisonment for not. less than 1 year but which may extend to 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	bailable	Court of Session.		354-C
78	(2)	Stalking.	Imprisonment up to 3| years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		354-D
79		Uttering any word or making any gesture intended to insult the modesty of a woman, etc.	Simple imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person to whom insult was intended or whose privacy was intruded upon with the permission of Court	509
80	(2)	Dowry death.	Imprisonment for not. less than 1 year but which may extend to 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		304-B
81		A man by deceit causing a woman not lawfully married to him to believe, that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit with him in that belief	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine	Non-cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class		493
82	(1)	Marrying again during the life time of a husband or wife.	imprisonment upto 7 Year and fine	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class	The person married or the husband or wife by the permission of Court	494
82	(2)	Same offence with concealment of the former marriage from the person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted	Imprisonment for 10	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		495
83		A Person with fraudulent intention going through the ceremony of being married knowing that he is not thereby lawfully married.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class		496
84		Enticing or taking away or detaining with a criminal intent a married women	Imprisonment for 2 Years, or fine and both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The husband and the woman	498
85		Punishment for subjecting a married woman to cruelty.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		498-A
86		Cruelty defined						498
87		Kidnapping, abducting or inducing | Woman to compel her marriage, etc.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		366
88		Causing miscarriage	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class	The Person to whom miscarriage is caused by the permission of Court	312
89		Causing miscarriage without Women's consent.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine	cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		313
90	(1)	Death caused by an act done with intent to cause miscarriage	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine	cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		314
90	(2)	If act done without, women's Consent.	Imprisonment for life, or as above.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
91		Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive, or to cause it to die after its birth.	Imprisonment for 10 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		315
92		Causing death of a quick unborn child by an act amounting to culpable homicide.	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		316
93		Exposure of a child under 12 years of age by parent or person having care of it with intention of wholly abandoning it.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		317
94		Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		318
95		Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.	Imprisonment for not less than 3 years but which may extend to 10 years and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		New
96		Procuration of child.	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		366-A
97		Kidnapping or abducting a child under ten years with intent to steal from its person.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		369
98		Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.	Imprisonment for 10. years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		372
99		Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.	Imprisonment for not less than 7 years but which may extend to 14 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		373
100		Culpable homicide						299
101		Murder						300
102		Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended						301
103	(1)	Murder.	Death or imprisonment. for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		302
103	(2)	Murder by group of five or more persons.	Death or with. imprisonment for life and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		New
104		Murder by life-convict	Death or imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of that person natural life.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		303
105		Culpable homicide not amounting to murder, if act by which the death is caused is done with intention of causing death, etc	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for not less than	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		304
106	(1)	Causing death by negligence	Imprisonment for 5 year and fine	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		304-A
106	(2)	Causing death by rash and negligent driving of vehicle and escaping.	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		New
107		Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind, etc	Death, or imprisonment. for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		305
108		Abetment of suicide.	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		306
109	(1)	Attempt to murder	Imprisonment for 10 year and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		307
109	(2)	Attempt by life-convict to murder, if hurt is caused.	Death or imprisonment for life which shall mean the remainder of that person’s natural life.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
110		Attempt to commit culpable homicide.	Imprisonment for 3 years, of fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		308
111	(2)(a)	Organised crime resulting in death of any person.	Death or imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 10 lakh rupees.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		New
111	(2)(b)	In any other case.	Imprisonment for not less than 5 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 5 lakh rupees	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
111	(3)	Abetting, attempting, Conspiring or knowingly facilitating the commission of organised crime	Imprisonment for not less than 5 year but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 5 lakh rupees.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
111	(4)	Being a member of an organised crime syndicate.	Imprisonment for not less than 5 year but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 5 lakh rupees	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
111	(5)	Intentionally harbouring or concealing any person who committed offence of organised crime.	Imprisonment for not less than 3 year but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 5 lakh rupees	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
111	(6)	Possessing property derived, or obtained from the commission of organised crime.	Imprisonment for not. less than 3 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine of not less than 2 lakh rupees.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
111	(7)	Possessing property on behalf of a member of an organised crime syndicate.	Imprisonment for less than 3 years but which may extend to imprisonment for 10 years and fine of not less than 1 lakh rupees	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
112		Petty Organised crime.	Imprisonment for not less than 1 year but which may extend to 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		New
113	(2)(a)	Terrorist act resulting in the death of any Person	Death or imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		New
113	(2)(b)	In any other case.	Imprisonment for not Cognizable. less than 5 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
113	(3)	Conspiring, attempting, abetting, etc, or knowingly facilitating the commission of terrorist act.	Imprisonment for not less than 5 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
113	(4)	Organising camps, training, etc., for commission of terrorist act.	Imprisonment for not less than 5 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
113	(5)	Being a member of an organisation involved in terrorist act.	|Imprisonment for life and Fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
113	(6)	Harbouring, concealing, etc., of any person who committed a terrorist act.	Imprisonment for not less than 3 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
113	(7)	Possessing property derived or obtained from Commission of terrorist act.	Imprisonment for life and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
114		Hurt						319
115	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt						321
115	(2)	Voluntarily causing hurt.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine of 10,000 rupees or both	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom the hurt is caused.	323
116		Grievous hurt						320
117	(1)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.						322
117	(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.	Imprisonment for 7 year and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate	The Person to whom hurt is caused by the permission of Court	325
117	(3), (4)	If hurt results in permanent disability or persistent vegetative state	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life which shall mean the remainder of that person's natural life.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session		New
117	(4)		Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session
118	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine of 20000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Any Magistrate.		324
118	(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means except as provided in section 122(2)	Imprisonment for life or imprisonment of not less than 1 year but which may extend to 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		326
119	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class		327
119	(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt for any purpose referred to in subsection (1)	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session		329
120	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession or information, or to compel restoration of property, etc	Imprisonment for 7 Year and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		330
120	(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession or information, or to compel restoration of property, etc.	Imprisonment for 10 Year and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		331
121	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty	Imprisonment for 5 Years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		332
121	(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty	Imprisonment not less than year, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		333
122	(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt on grave and sudden provocation, not intending to hurt any other than the person who gave the provocation.	Imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate	The person to whom the hurt is caused.	334
122	(2)	Causing grievous hurt on grave and sudden provocation, not intending to hurt any other than the person who gave the provocation.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.	The person to whom the hurt is	335
123		Causing hurt by means of poison,etc., with intent to commit an offence.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		328
124	(1)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc	Imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		326-A
124	(2)	Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid.	Imprisonment for 5 years but which may extend to 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		326-B
125		Doing any act endangering human life or personal safety of others.	Imprisonment for 3 months or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		336/337/338
125	(a)	Where hurt is caused.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person to whom hurt is caused by the permission of Court
125	(b)	Where grievous hurt caused.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person to whom hurt is caused by the permission of Court
126	(1), (2)	Wrongfully restraining any person.	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		339
126	(2)	Wrongfully restraining any person.					The person restrained or confined	341
127	(1), (2)	Wrongfully confining any person	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person restrained or confined	340/342
127	(3)	Wrongfully confining for three or more days.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person confined	343
127	(4)	Wrongfully confining for 10 or more days.	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine of 10,000 rupees.	Cognizable.	Non-Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.	The person confined	344
127	(5)	Keeping any person in wrongful confinement, knowing that a writ has been issued for his liberation	Imprisonment for 2 years in addition to any term of imprisonment under any other section and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		345
127	(6)	Wrongful confinement in secret.	Imprisonment for 3 years in addition to other punishment which he is liable to and fine	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.	The person confined	346
127	(7)	Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting confession or information, or for compelling restoration of property, etc	Imprisonment for 3 Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		347
127	(8)	Wrongful confinement for the purpose of extorting confession or information, or for compelling restoration of property, etc	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		348
128		Force						349
129		Criminal force						350
130		Assault						351
131		Assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation than on grave provocation	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 1,000 rupees, or both. months, or fine of 1,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person assaulted or to whom criminal force is used	352
132		Assault or use of criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty. deter public servant from discharge of his duty. of his duty.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both. years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		353
133		Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour a person, otherwise than on grave and Sudden provocation, not intending to to dishonour a person, otherwise than on grave and Sudden provocation, not intending to than on grave and Sudden provocation, not intending to Sudden provocation, not intending to provocation	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person assaulted or to whom criminal force is used	355
134		Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property worn or carried by a person	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		356
135		Assault or use of criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine of 5,000 rupees,or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person assaulted or to whom force is used by the permission of Court	357
136		Assault or use of criminal force on grave and sudden provocation.	Simple imprisonment for one month, or fine of 1,000 rupees, or both.	Non-Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person assaulted or to whom criminal force is used	358
137	(1), (2)	Kidnapping.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		359/360/361/363
137	(1)(a), (1)(b)	Kidnapping
138		Abduction						362
139	(1)	Kidnapping a child for purposes of begging	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		363-A
139	(2)	Maiming a child for purposes of begging.	Imprisonment not be less than 20 years which may extend to remainder of that person’s natural life, and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		363-A
140	(1)	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder.	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 year and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		364
140	(2)	Kidnapping for ransom, etc	Death, or imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		364-A
140	(3)	Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine a person.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		365
140	(4)	Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject a person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		367
141		Importation of a girl or boy from foreign country	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		366-B
142		Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped abducted person.	Punishment for kidnapping or abduction.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		368
143	(2)	Trafficking of person	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 7 years but which may extend to 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		370
143	(3)	Trafficking of more than one person.	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
143	(4)	Trafficking of a child	Rigorous imprisonment For not less than 10 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
143	(5)	Trafficking of more than one child.	Rigorous imprisonment. for not less than 14 years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
143	(6)	Person convicted of offence of trafficking of child on more than one Occasion	Imprisonment for life and fine, or imprisonment for 7 years and fine, or fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
143	(7)	Public servant or a police officer involved in trafficking of child.	Imprisonment for Life. which shall mean the remainder that person's natural life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
144	(1)	Exploitation of a trafficked child.	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 5 years but which may extend to 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		370-A
144	(2)	Exploitation of a trafficked person	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 3 years but which may extend to 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session
145		Habitual dealing in slaves	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		371
146		Unlawful compulsory labour	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		374
147		Waging or attempting to wage war, or abetting the waging of war, against the Government of India.	Death, or imprisonment for life and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		121
148		Conspiring to commit certain offences against the state.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		121-A
149		Collecting arms, etc, with the intention of waging war against the government of India.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		122
150		Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		123
151		Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		124
152		Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		New
153		Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of India.	Imprisonment for life and fine, or imprisonment for 7 years and fine, or fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		125
154		Committing depredation on the territories of any foreign state at peace with the Government of India	Imprisonment For 7 years and fine, and forfeiture of certain property.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		126
155		Receiving property taken by war or depreciation mentioned in Sections 153 and 154.	Imprisonment For 7 years and fine, and forfeiture of certain property	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		127
156		Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of state or war in his Custody to escape.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 Years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		128
157		Public servant negligently suffering prisoner of State or War in his custody to escape.	Simple imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		129
158		Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		130
159		Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce an officer, soldier, sailor or airman from his allegiance or duty	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		131
160		Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny iscommitted in consequence thereof.	Death, or imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		132
161		Abetment of assault by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		133
162		Abetment of such assault, it the assault committed.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		134
163		Abetment of the desertion of an officer, soldier, sailor or airma	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		135
164		Harbouring deserter.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		136
165		Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master or person in charge thereof.	Fine of 3,000 rupees.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		137
166		Abetment of act of insubordination| by an officer, soldier, sailor or airman if the offence be committed in consequence.	Imprisonment for 2 years or fine or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		138
167		Persons subject to certain Acts						139
168		Wearing garb or carrying token used| by soldier, sailor or airman.	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 2,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		140
169		Candidate, electoral right defined						171-A
170		Bribery						171-B
171		Undue influence at elections						171-C
172		Personation at elections						171-D
173		Bribery.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine, or both, or if treating only, fine only.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		171-E
174		Undue influence or personation at an election	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		171-F
175		False statement in connection with an election	Fine.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		171-G
176		Illegal payments in connection with elections.	Fine of 10,000 rupees.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		171-H
177		Failure to keep election accounts	Fine of 5,000rupees.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		171-I
178		Counterfeiting coins, government stamps, currency-notes or bank notes.	Imprisonment for lite, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		230/231/232/246/247/248/249/255/489-A
179		Using as genuine forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp Currency-notes or bank-notes	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 Years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		239/240/241/250/251/254/258/260
180		Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government or stamp, Currency- notes or bank-notes.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		242/243/252/253/259
181		Making, buying. selling or possessing machinery, instrument or material for forging or counterfeiting coins, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session		233/234/235/256/257
182	(1)	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank notes.	Fine of 300 rupees.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		489-E
182	(2)	On refusal to disclose the name and address of the printer.	Fine of 600 rupees.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate
183		Effacing writing any from a substance bearing a Government stamp, removing from a document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause a loss to Government.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		261
184		Using a Government stamp known to have been before used.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		262
185		Erasure of mark denoting that	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		263
186		Fictitious stamps	Fine of 200 rupees.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		263-A
187		Person employed in a Mint causing coin to be of a different weight or composition from that fixed by law.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		244
188		Unlawfully taking from a Mint any | coining instrument.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		245
189	(1)	Unlawful assembly						141
189	(2)	Being member of an unlawful| assembly.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		142/143
189	(3)	Joining or continuing in an unlawful assembly, knowing that it has been commanded to disperse.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate		145
189	(4)	Joining an unlawful assembly armed with any deadly weapon with any deadly weapon	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		144
189	(5)	Knowingly joining or continuing in any assembly of five or more persons after it has been Commanded to disperse.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		145/151
189	(6)	Hiring, engaging or employing persons to take part in an unlawful assembly.	The same as for a member of Such assembly, and for any offence committed by any member of such assembly	Cognizable.	According as offence is bailable or non bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		150
189	(7)	Harbouring persons hired for an| unlawful assembly.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		157
189	(8)	Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		158
189	(9)	Or to go armed	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		158
190		Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.	The same as for the offence.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	According as offence is bailable or non bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		149
191	(1), (2)	Rioting.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		146/147
191	(3)	Rioting, armed with a deadly weapon.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		148
192		Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot, if rioting be committed.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		153
193	(1)	Liability of Owner or occupier of land not giving information of riot, etc.	Fine of 1,000 rupees	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		154
193	(2)	Person for whose benefit or onwhose behalf a riot takes place not using all lawful means to prevent it./ Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place	Fine.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		155
193	(3)	Agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit a riot is committed not using all lawful means to prevent it.	Fine.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		156
194	(1), (2)	Committing affray.		Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		159160
195	(1)	Assaulting or obstructing publicservant when suppressing riot, etc.		Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		152
195	(2)	Threatening to assault or attempting to obstruct public, servant when Suppressing riot, etc.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		New
196		Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth,residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.						153-A
196	(1)	Promoting enmity between different groups on ground of religion, race, place of birth,residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
196	(2)	Promoting enmity between classes in place of worship, etc.	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
197	(1), (d)	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration to national integration	Imprisonment for 3 years or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		153-B/New
197	(2)	If committed in a place of public worship, etc	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
198		Public servant disobeying direction under law. of the law with intent to cause injury to any person.	Simple imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		166
199		Public servant disobeying direction under law.	Rigorous imprisonment for not less than 6 months which may extend to 2 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		166-A
200		Non-treatment of victim by hospital	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		166-B
201		Public servant framing an incorrect| document with intent to cause injury.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine or both	Cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		167
202		Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.	Simple imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both, or community service.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		168
203		Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property	Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both and confiscation of property, if purchased.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		169
204		Personating a public servant	Imprisonment for not less than 6 months but which may extend to 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Any Magistrate.		170
205		Wearing garb or carrying token used| by public servant with fraudulent intent.	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		171
206	(a)	Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding from a public servan|	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5.000 rupees, or both	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		172
206	(b)	If summons or notice require attendance in person, etc., in a Court.	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.
207	(a)	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or prevent publication thereof	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		173
207	(b)	If summons etc. require attendance in person etc, in a court.	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.
208	(a)	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		174
208	(b)	If the order requires personal attendance, etc., in a Court	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.
209		Non-Appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of this sanhita	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine or both, or community service	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class		174-A
210	(a)	Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce or deliver it.	Simple imprisonment for 11month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		175
210	(b)	If the document is required to be produced in or delivered to a Court.	Simple imprisonment for. 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate
211	(a)	Intentional omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		176
211	(b)	the notice or information required respects the commission of an offence, etc.	Simple imprisonment for months, or fine of 10,000 Rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.
211	(c)	If the notice or information is required by an order passed under Sub-section (1) of Section 394 of this Sanhita.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of1,000 rupees, or both	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.
212	(a)	Furnishing False Information	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		177
212	(b)	If the information required respects the commission of an offence, etc.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.
213		Refusing oath when duly required to take oath by a public servant	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		178
214		Being legally bound to state truth, and refusing to answer public servant authorised to question	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		179
215		Refusing to sing a statement made to a public servant when legally required to do so.	Simple imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 3,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		180
216		Knowingly stating to a public servant on oath as true that which is false.	Imprisonment for 3 year and fine.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		181
217		Giving false information to a public servant in order to cause him to use his lawful power to the injury or annoyance of any person.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or with fine of 10,000 rupees, or both. or with fine of 10,000 rupees, or both. rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		182
218		Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		183
219		Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of a public servant.	Imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		184
220		illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public Servant.	Imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 200 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		185
221		Obstructing public servant in discharge of his public functions	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both. months, or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both. rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		186
222	(a)	Omission to assist public servant| when bound by law to give such| assistance.	Simple imprisonment for 1 month, or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		187
222	(b)	Wilfully neglecting to aid a public servant who demands aid in the execution of process, the prevention of offences, etc	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate
223	(a)	Disobedience to an order lawfully promulgated by a public servant, if such disobedience causes obstruction, annoyance or injury to persons lawfully employed.	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 2,500 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		188
223	(b)	If such disobedience causes danger to human life, health or safety, or causes or tends to cause a riot or affray.	Imprisonment for 1 year,. or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both,	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate
224		Threat of injury to public servant etc.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		189
225		Threat of injury induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		190
226		Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restraint exercise of lawful power.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both, or Community service.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate		New/309
227		Giving false evidence						191
228		Fabricating false evidence						192
229		Punishment for false evidence						193
229	(1)	Intentionally giving or fabricating false evidence in a judicial proceeding.	Imprisonment for 7 years and 10,000 rupees.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class
229	(2)	Giving or fabricating false evidence in any other case.	Imprisonment For 3 years and 5,000 rupees	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate
230	(1)	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to cause any person to be convicted of capital offence	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and 50,000 rupees.	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		194
230	(2)	If innocent person be thereby convicted and executed.	Death, or as above.	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.
231		Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 7 years, upwards.	The same as for the. offence.	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		195
232	(1)	Threatening any person to give false evidence.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable
232		Threatening any person to give false evidence						195-A
232	(2)	If innocent person is convicted and sentenced in consequence of false evidence with death, or imprisonment for more than 7 years	The same as for the offence	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable
233		Using in a judicial proceeding evidence known to be false or fabricated.	The same as for giving or fabricating false evidence.	Non-cognizable	According as offence abetted is bailable or non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable		196
234		Knowingly issuing or signing a false certificate relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence	The same as for giving false evidence	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		197
235		Using as a true certificate one known to be false in a material point.	The same as for giving false evidence	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		198
236		False statement made in any declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.	The same as for giving false evidence	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		199
237		Using as true any such declaration known to be false.	The same as for giving false evidence	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable		200
238	(a)	Causing disappearance of evidence of an offence committed, or giving false information touching it to Screen the offender, if a capital offence.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court of Session		201
238	(b)	If punishable with imprisonment for lite or imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.
238	(C)	If punishable with less than 10 years' imprisonment	Imprisonment for one fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both. Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Court by which offence abetted is triable
239		Intentional omission to give information of an offence by a person legally bound to inform	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		202
240		Giving false information respecting an offence committed	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		203
241		Secreting or destroying any document to prevent its production as evidence.	Imprisonment for 3 years or fine of 5000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		204
242		False personation for the purpose of any act or proceeding in a suit or criminal prosecution, or for becoming bail or security.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		205
243		Fraudulent removal or concealment, etc., of property to prevent its seizure as forfeiture or in satisfaction of fine under sentence, or in execution of a decree.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		206
244		Claiming property without right, or practising deception touching any right to it, to prevent its being taken as a forfeiture, or in satisfaction of a fine under sentence, or in execution of a decree.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		207
245		Fraudulently suffering a decree to pass for a sum not due, or suffering decree to be executed after if has been satisfied.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		208
246		False claim in a Court	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		209
247		Fraudulently obtaining a decree for a sum not due, or causing a decree to be executed after it has been satisfied.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.			210
248	(a)	False charge of offence made with intent to injure	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		211
248	(b)	Criminal proceeding instituted on a false charge of an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or years and fine.imprisonment for ten years or upwards.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Court of Session.
249	(a)	Harbouring an offender, if the offence is punishable with death.	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		212
249	(b)	If punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
249	(C)	If punishable with imprisonmentfor 1 year and not for 10 years	Imprisonment for one-fourth of the longest term, and of the descriptions, Provided for the offence, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
250	(a)	Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment if the offence is punishable with death	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.			213
250	(b)	If Punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
250	(c)	If punishable with imprisonment for less than 10 years.	Imprisonment for one fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both. Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
251	(a)	Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of Screening offender if the offence is punishable with death.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		214
251	(b)	If punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
251	(c)	If punishable with imprisonment for less than 10 years	Imprisonment for one fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both. Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
252		Taking gift to help to recover movable property of which a person has been deprived by an offence without causing apprehension of offender.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		215
253	(a)	Harbouring an offender who has escaped from custody, or whose apprehension has been ordered, if the offence is punishable with death	Imprisonment for 7 year and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		216
253	(b)	|If punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years, with or without fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
253	(c)	if punishable with imprisonment for 1 year and not for 10years	Imprisonment for one fourth of the longest term provided for the offence, or fine, or both. Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
254		Harbouring robbers or dacoits	Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		216-A
255		Public servant disobeying a direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.	Imprisonment for 2 Years, or fine, or both.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		217
256		Public servant framing an incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment, or property from forfeiture	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		218
257		Public servant in a Judicial proceeding corruptly making and pronouncing an order, report, etc. contrary to law.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		219
258		Commitment for trial or confinement by a person having authority, who knows that he is, acting contrary to law.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Non-Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		220
259	(a)	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend an offender, if the offence is punishable with death.	Imprisonment for 7 years, with or without fine.	According as offence abetted is cognizable or non-cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		221
259	(b)	if punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 3 years, with or without fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class
259	(c)	f punishable with imprisonment for less than 10 years.less than 10 years.	Imprisonment for 2 years, with or without fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.
260	(a)	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound by law to apprehend person under sentence of a Court if under sentence of death.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 14 years, with or without fine.	Cognizable.	Non-Bailable.	Court of Session		222
260	(b)	If under sentence of imprisonment for life or imprisonment for 10 years, or upwards.	Imprisonment for 7 years with or without fine.	Cognizable.	Non-Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.
260	(c)	If under sentence of imprisonment | punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for 10 years	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class
261		Escape from confinement negligently suffered by a public servant.	Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate		223
262		Resistance or obstruction by a| person to his lawful apprehension.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate		224
263	(a)	Resistance or obstruction to the lawful apprehension of any person, of rescuing him from lawful custody.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate		225
263	(b)	if charged with an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment for 10 years	Imprisonment for 3 years, and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
263	(C)	if charged with offence punishable with death	Imprisonment for 7 years, and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
263	(d)	the person is sentenced to imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years, or upwards.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.
263	(e)	If under sentence of death	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Court of Session.
264		Omission to apprehend, sufferance of escape on part of public servant, in Cases not otherwise provided for (a) in case of intentional omission| or sufferance; (b) in case of negligent omission or sufferance.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine or both. Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		225-A
265		Resistance or obstruction to lawful| apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		225-B
266		Violation of Condition Of Remission of Punishment	Punishment of original sentence, or if part of the punishment has been undergone, the residue.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court by which offence abetted is triable		227
267		Intentional insult or interruption to a public servant sitting in any stage of a judicial proceeding	Simple imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate		228
268		Personation of Assessor	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		229
269		Failure by person released on bond or bail bond to appear in Court	Imprisonment for 1 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		229-A
270		Public nuisance						268
271		Negligently doing any act known to be likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life	Imprisonment for6 months, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		269
272		Malignantly doing any act known to be likely to spread infection of any disease dangerous to life.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		270
273		Knowingly disobeying any quarantine rule.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		271
274		Adulterating food or drink intended for sale, so as to make the same noxious.	Imprisonment for 6 months or fine of 5000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		272
275		Selling any food or drink as food and drink, knowing the same to be noxious.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		273
276		Adulterating any drug or medical preparation intended for sale so as to lessen its efficacy, or to change its operation, or to make it noxious	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both	Non-cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		274
277		Sale of adulterated drugs.	Imprisonment for 6	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		275
278		Knowingly selling of drug as a different drug or preparation.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		276
279		Fouling water of public spring or reservoir	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		277
280		Making atmosphere noxious to health.	Fine of 1,000 rupees	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		278
281		Rash driving or riding on a public Way	Imprisonment for 6| months, or fine of 1,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		279
282		Rash navigation of vessel	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 10,000 rupees, or both. rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		280
283		Exhibition of a false light, mark or buoy.	Imprisonment for 7 years, and fine which shall not be less than 10,000 rupees.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		281
284		Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel	Imprisonment for 6 months, fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		282
285		Causing danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation	Fine of 5,000 rupees.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		283
286		Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		284
287		Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 2,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		285
288		Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		286
289		Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		287
290		Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or Constructing buildings, etc.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		288
291		Negligent conduct with respect to animal.	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		289
292		Committing public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.	Fine of 1,000 rupees.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		290
293		Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		291
294	(2)	Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.	On first conviction, with imprisonment for 2 years, and with fine of 5,000 rupees, and, in the event of second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment for 5 years, and with fine of 10,000 rupees	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		292
295		Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.	On first conviction, with imprisonment for 3 years, and with fine of 2,000 rupees, and, in the event of second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment for 7 years, and with fine of 5,000 rupees	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		293
296		Obscene acts and songs.	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 1,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		294
297	(1)	Keeping a lottery office	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		294-A
297	(2)	Publishing proposals relating to lotteries.	Fine of 5,000 rupees	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate
298		Defiling, etc., place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		295
299		Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		295-A
300		Disturbing religious assembly.	Imprisonment for 1 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		296
301		Trespassing on burial places, etc.	Imprisonment for 1 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		297
302		Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person whose religious feelings are intended to be wounded	298
302	(2)	Theft					The person to whom the property is stolen
303	(1), (2)	Theft.	Rigorous imprisonment for not be less than 1 year but which may extend to 5 years, and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		378/379
304	(2)	Snatching.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		New
305		Theft in a dwelling house, or means| Of transportation or place of worship, etc.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Any Magistrate		380
306		Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master or employer.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person to whom the property in respect of which breach of trust has been committed by the permission of Court	381
307		Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of theft	Rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		382
308	(1), (2)	Extortion.	Imprisonment for 7 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		383/384
308	(3)	Putting or attempting to put in fear of injury, in order to commit extortion	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate..		385
308	(4)	Putting or attempting to put a person in fear of death or grievous hurt in order to commit extortion.	Imprisonment for 7 Years and fine	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		387
308	(5)	Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt.	Imprisonment for 10 Years and fine. Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		386
308	(6)	Putting a person in fear of accusation of an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years in order to commit extortion.	Imprisonment for 10 Years and fine. Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		389
308	(7)	Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years.	Imprisonment for 10 Years and fine. Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		388
309	(1), (2), (3)	Robbery						390
309	(4)	Robbery.	Rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		392
309	(5)	Attempt to commit robbery	Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		393
309	(6)	Causing hurt.	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		394
310	(1), (2)	Dacoity.	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		391/395
310	(3)	Murder in dacoity.	Death, imprisonment for. life, or rigorous imprisonment for not less than 7 years.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		396
310	(4)	Making preparation to commit dacoity.	Rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		399
310	(5)	Being one of five or more persons assembled for the purpose of committing dacoity.	Rigorous imprisonment Cognizable. for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		402
310	(6)	Belonging to a gang of persons associated for the purpose habitually committing dacoity	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine. rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine. for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		400
311		Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.	Imprisonment for not less than 7 years.	cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		397
312		Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon	Imprisonment for not less than 7 years.	cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		398
313		Belonging to a wandering gang of persons associated for the Purpose of habitually committing thefts.	Rigorous imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	cognizable	Non-bailable			401
314		Dishonest misappropriation of movable property, or converting it to one's own use.	Imprisonment of not less than 6 months but which may extend to 2 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person misappropriated	403
315		Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his deat	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class		404
316	(1), (2)	Criminal breach of trust.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class	The person to whom the property in respect of which breach of trust has been committed by the permission of Court	405/406
316	(3)	Criminal breach of trust by a carrier, wharfinger, etc.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class	The person to whom the property in respect of which the breach of trust has been committed	407
316	(4)	Criminal breach of trust by a clerk or servant	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class	The person to whom the property in respect of which breach of trust has been committed by the permission of Court	408
316	(5)	Criminal breach of trust by public servant or by banker, merchant or agent, etc.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		409
317	(1), (2)	Dishonestly receiving stolen property, knowing that it was obtained by dacoity. property knowing it to be stolen.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both. years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Any Magistrate	The person to whom the property is stolen	410/411
317	(3)	Dishonestly receiving stolen property, knowing that it was obtained by dacoity.	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		412
317	(4)	Habitually dealing in stolen property	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Court of Session.		413
317	(5)	Assisting in concealment or disposal of stolen property, knowing it to be stolen.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable	Any Magistrate	The person to whom the property is stolen	414
318	(1), (2)	Cheating.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person cheated.	415/417
318	(3)	Cheating a person whose interest the offender was bound, either by law or by legal contract, to protect.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person cheated by the permission of Court	418
318	(4)	Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable	Magistrate of the first class	The person cheated by the permission of Court	420
319	(1), (2)	Cheating by personation	Imprisonment for 5 years, or with fine, or with both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person cheated	416/419
320		Fraudulent removal or concealment of property etc., to prevent distribution among creditors.	Imprisonment of not be less than 6 months but which may extend to 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person affected thereby	421
321		Dishonest or fraudulently preventing from being made available for his creditors a debt or demand due to the offender	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person affected thereby	422
322		Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing a false statement of consideration.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person affected thereby	423
323		Fraudulent removal or concealment of property, of himself or any other person or assisting in the doing thereof, or dishonestly releasing any demand or claim to which he isentitled.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person affected thereby	424
324	(1), (2)	Mischief,	Imprisonment for 6 months, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom the loss or damage is caused.	425/426
324	(3)	Mischief causing loss or damage to any property including property of Government or Local Authority.	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		New
324	(4)	Mischief causing loss or damage to the amount of twenty thousanrupees but less than 2 lakh rupees.d	Imprisonment for 2 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom the loss or damage is caused.	427
324	(5)	Mischief causing loss or damage to the amount of one lakh rupees or upwards.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both. class.	Cognizable.	Bailable.			427
324	(6)	Mischief with preparation for causing to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint. Or fear of death, or of hurt, or of wrongfulrestraint	Imprisonment for 5 years, and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.			440
325		Mischief by killing or maiming| animal	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.	The person to whom the animal belongs	428/429
326	(a)	Mischief by causing diminution of Supply of water for agricultural purposes, etc	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class	The person to whom the loss or damage is caused	430
326	(b)	Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, navigable river, or navigable hannel, and rendering it impassable or less safe for travelling or conveying property.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		431
326	(c)	Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		432
326	(d)	Mischief by destroying or moving or rendering less useful a lighthouse or seamark, or by exhibiting false lights.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		433
326	(e)	Mischief by destroying or moving etc., a landmark fixed by public authority.	Imprisonment for 1 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable.	Any Magistrate		434
326	(f)	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to causeDamage	Imprisonment for 7 Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		435
326	(g)	Mischief by tire or explosive substance with intent to destroy a house, etc.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		436
327	(1)	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or vessel of 20 tonnes burden	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		437
327	(2)	The mischief described in the last| section when committed by fire or any explosive substance.	Imprisonment for life, Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		438
328		Running vessel with intent to Commit theft, etc.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		439
329	(1), (2)	Criminal trespass and house- trespass						441/442
329	(3)	Criminal trespass	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person in possession of the property trespassed upon.	447
329	(4)	House-trespass.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person in possession of the property trespassed upon.	448
330	(1), (2)	House-trespass and house- breaking						443/445
331	(1)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking	Imprisonment for 2 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		453
331	(2)	Lurking house-trespass or house breaking by night.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		456
331	(3)	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonmen	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		454
331	(4)	Lurking house-trespass or house- breaking by night in order to thecommission of an offence punishable with imprisonmen	Imprisonment for 5 years and fine. 5 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate		457
331	(5)	Lurking house-trespass or house breaking after preparation made for causing hurt, assault, etc.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		455
331	(6)	Lurking house-trespass or house breaking by night, after preparation made for causing hurt, etc.	Imprisonment for 14 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		458
331	(7)	Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		459
331	(8)	Death or grievous hurt caused by one of several persons jointly concerned in house-breaking by night, etc.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		460
332	(a)	House-trespass in order to the commission of an offence Punishable with death.	Imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		449
332	(b)	House-trespass in order to the Commission of an offence punishable With imprisonment for life.	Imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Court of Session.		450
332	(c)	House-trespass in order to the commission of an offence punishable with imprisonment	Imprisonment for 2 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate	The person in possession of the house trespassed upon.	451
333		House-trespass, having Made preparation for causing hurt,assault, etc	Imprisonment for 7 years.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		452
334	(1)	Dishonestly breaking open or unfastening any closed receptacle containing or supposed to contain property.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.		461
334	(2)	Being entrusted with any closed receptacle containing or supposed to contain any property, and fraudulently opening the same.	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		462
335		Making a false Document						464
336	(1), (2)	Forgery.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		463/465
336	(3)	Forgery for the purpose of cheating	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		468
336	(4)	Forgery for the purpose of harming the reputation of any person or knowing that it is likely to be used for that purpose	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		469
337		Forgery of a record of a Court or of a Registrar of Births, etc., kept by a public servant	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		466
338		Forgery of a valuable security, will, or authority to make or transfer any valuable security, or to receive any money, etc	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 10 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		467
339		Having possession of a document, knowing it to be forged, with intent to use it as genuine; if the document s one of the descriptions mentioned in Section 337.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		474
340	(1), (2)	Using as genuine a forged document which is known to be forged.	Punishment for forgery of such document.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		470/471
341	(1)	Making or counterfeiting a seal, plate, etc, with intent to commit a forgery punishable under section 338 or possessing with like intent any such seal, plate etc. knowing the same to be counterfeit.	Imprisonment for life, or Imprisonment for 7 Years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		472
341	(2)	Making or counterfeiting a seal plate, etc., with intent to Commit a forgery punishable otherwise than under Section 338 or possessing with like intent any such seal, plate, etc., knowing the same to be counterfeit.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		473
341	(3)	Possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit.	Imprisonment for 3 years and fine.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		New
341	(4)	Fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be Counterfeit.	Same as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument.	Cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		New
342	(1)	Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in Section 338 or possessing Counterfeit marked Material.	Imprisonment for life, or Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		475
342	(2)	Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in Section 338 or possessing counterfeit marked material.	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine.	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.			476
343		Fraudulently destroying or defacing, or attempting to destroy or deface, or secreting, a will, etc.	Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for 7years and fine	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Magistrate of the first class.		477
344		Falsification of accounts	Imprisonment for 7 years and fine. years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		477-A
345	(1), (2)	Property mark						479/481
345	(3)	Using a false property mark with intent to deceive or injure any person.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom, loss or injury is cause by such use.	482
346		Removing, destroying or defacing| property mark with intent to cause injury.	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		489
347	(1)	Counterfeiting a property mark used by another, with intent to cause damage or injury.	Imprisonment for 2 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom, loss or injury is cause by such use.	483
347	(2)	Counterfeiting a property mark used by a public servant, or any mark the used by him to denote the manufacture, quality, etc., of any property.	Imprisonment for 3 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		484
348		Fraudulently making or having Possession of any die, plate or other instrument for counterfeiting any public or private property mark.	Imprisonment for 3 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class.		485
349		Knowingly selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark	Imprisonment for 1 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person to whom, loss or injury is cause by such use.	486
350	(1)	Fraudulently making a false mark upon any package or receptacle containing goods, with intent to cause it to be believed that itcontains goods, which it does not Contain, etc.	Imprisonment for 3 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		487
350	(2)	Making use of any such false mark	Imprisonment for 3 year or fine or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.		488
351	(1), (2)	Criminal intimidation	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person intimidated.	503/506
351	(3)	If threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, etc.	Imprisonment for 7.years, or fine, or both	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class	The person intimidated.	506
351	(4)	Criminal intimidation by anonymous communication or having taken precaution to conceal whence the threat comes.	Imprisonment for 2 years, in addition to the punishment under Section 351(1	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Magistrate of the first class		507
352		Insult intended to provoke breach of the peace.	Imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person insulted	504
353		Statements conducing to public mischief						505
353	(1)	False statement, rumour, etc. circulated with intent to cause mutiny or offence against the public peace,	Imprisonment for 3 years, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.
353	(2)	False statement, rumour, etc., made in place of worship, etc., with intent to create enmity, hatred or ill- will.	Imprisonment for 3 year or fine or both. years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable.	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.
353	(3)	False statement, rumour, etc., made in place of worship, etc., with intent to create enmity, hatred or ill- will.	Imprisonment for 5 years, or fine, or both.	Cognizable	Non-bailable.	Any Magistrate.
354		Act caused by inducing a person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure	Imprisonment for 1 year, or fine, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable	Any Magistrate.	The person insulted	508
355		Appearing in a public place, etc., in a state of intoxication, and causing| annoyance to any person.	Simple imprisonment for 24 hours, or fine of 1000 rupees, or both or with community service.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.		510
356	(1), (2)	Defamation against the President or the Vice-President or the Governor of a State or Administrator of a Union territory or a Minister in respect of his conduct in the discharge of his public functions when instituted upon a complaint made by the Public Prosecutor.	Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine or both or community service,	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Court of Session	The person defamed by the permission of Court	499/500
356	(3)	Printing or engraving matter knowing it to be defamatory against the president or the vice- president or the governor of a state or administrator of a union territory or a minister in respect of his conduct in the discharge of his public functions when instituted upon a complaint made by the public prosecutor.	Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Court of Session.	The person defamed	501
356	(4)	Sale of printed or engravedsubstance containing defamatory mater, knowing it to contain such matter against the President or the Vice-President or the Governor of a State or Administrator of a Union territory or a Minister in respect of his conduct in the discharge of his public functions when instituted upon a complaint made by the Public Prosecutor.	Simple imprisonment for 2 years, or fine, or both	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Court of Session	The person defamed	502
357		Being bound to attend on or supply the wants of a person who is helpless from youth, unsoundness of mind or disease, and voluntarily omitting to do so.	Imprisonment for 3 months, or fine of 5,000 rupees, or both.	Non-cognizable.	Bailable.	Any Magistrate.	The person with whom the offender has contracted.	491
358		Repeal and savings						New

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